Date: Tue, 5 Jan 1993 15:58:27 -0500 From: Revised List Processor (1.7e) Subject: File: "EJRNL V2N4" To: David Pirmann _______ _______ __ / _____/ /__ __/ / / / /__ / / ____ __ __ __ ___ __ __ ____ / / / ___/ __ / / / __ \ / / / / / //__/ / //_ \ / __ \ / / / /____ / /_/ / / /_/ / / /_/ / / / / / / / / /_/ / / / \_____/ \____/ \____/ \____/ /_/ /_/ /_/ \__/_/ /_/ December, 1992 _EJournal_ Volume 2 Number 4 ISSN# 1054-1055 There are 642 lines in this issue. An Electronic Journal concerned with the implications of electronic networks and texts. 2787 Subscribers in 38 Countries University at Albany, State University of New York EJOURNAL@ALBANY.bitnet CONTENTS: Editorial Notes [ Begins at line 58 ] Electronic Journals and Libraries [ Begins at line 102 ] About _EJournal_'s Readers [ Begins at line 316 ] An Ownership/Copyright Exchange - Allen and Dilworth [ Begins at line 409 ] by John B. Dilworth and Jonathan Allen Department of Philosophy Dept. of Information and Computer Science Western Michigan University University of California, Irvine Announcement about Simulation and Gaming [ Begins at line 521 ] Information - [ Begins at line 530 ] About Subscriptions and Back Issues About Supplements to Previous Texts About Letters to the Editor About Reviews About _EJournal_ People - [ Begins at line 604 ] Board of Advisors Consulting Editors ******************************************************************************* * This electronic publication and its contents are (c) copyright 1992 by * * _EJournal_. Permission is hereby granted to give away the journal and its * * contents, but no one may "own" it. Any and all financial interest is hereby* * assigned to the acknowledged authors of individual texts. This notification* * must accompany all distribution of _EJournal_. * ******************************************************************************* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Editorial Notes [line 58] This issue carries a followup exchange on the subject of ownership and copyright of electronic texts, a thread that started a year ago. It also delivers two questionnaires. One is about electronic journals and libraries, and one is about you. Please respond to both of them. They are not audience surveys to help us make promises to advertisers. They have to do with our sliver of what the networks are-- or can be --all about. If all 2787 of you decide not to respond to the first one, about libraries and how they ought to treat the fledgling phenomenon of electronic journals, librarians might find it easy to ignore us. No matter what reputation _EJournal_ and other experiments build for ourselves inside cyberspace, we'll all remain merely virtual if librarians decide we're too much trouble to share with non-subscribers. That first questionnaire consists of 22 items designed by an Information Science investigator; they can be responded to easily with an "extraction" maneuver and e-mailed to Meta Reid at an RPI address, or they can be printed out and penciled in and sent via fax or snail mail. The second one, ten items, asks about your relationship with _EJournal_. Your responses will help us understand how diverse a group you are and what you want from us. You can e-mail to peter.gorny@arbi.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de or to us, or fax or snail mail to us. We can't quite promise you anonymity, but we will remove all message-header information (from everything sent here) before we start looking at what respondents say. We anticipate coming up with some interesting totals and percentages to share with you, but you shouldn't anticipate sophisticated cross-referential analysis. We want to refer to the two questionnaires as "1992 Surveys," so please don't file this issue under "to be taken care of later" -- respond now. (We can use January responses, though.) Our thanks. The next issue, which we hope to have on its way in just a few days, delivers an essay about the interactive "Oracle" writing space, with observations about the nature of "authorship" in an electronic context. [line 96] May you savor a super solstice season, and a noteworthy 1993. Best wishes from _EJournal_: Ted Jennings, Ron Bangel, Dan Smith ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (There is a sample answer sheet at the end of this 22-question survey.) -----------------8<----------------CUT-HERE----------------8<------------------ 1. Libraries can ignore the existence of electronic journals (e-jrnls) for at least another 5 years. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2. Making e-jrnls available in libraries is necessary for their success. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. Libraries should be leaders in encouraging e-jrnl use. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4. People for whom computer links to e-jrnls are not available will be left out of the information age. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5. Creating a static copy of an e-jrnl defeats the reasons for publishing in electronic format. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [line 134] 6. E-jrnls may be useful for small specialized groups, but not for large diverse groups. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7. E-jrnls are apt to proliferate so rapidly and without standards that no library will be able to keep up with the information contained in them. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8. E-jrnls are currently accepted in the academic world as equals to print. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9. Libraries should accommodate e-jrnls as equals to print journals. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10. E-jrnls will not be acceptable until abstracting services, e.g. _Science Citation Index_, reference their contents. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11. E-jrnls may be useful in reducing costs of publishing, storing and making available technical information. Strongly disagree Strongly agree 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12. Are you currently reading EJournal (a) at home (b) in an office (c) in a school (d) in a library? [line 172] 13. If you are reading this at a place other than a library, would you like a library to make it available? (a) Yes (b) No 14. E-jrnls in a library should be made available in a library's _______. (a) information area (b) journal stack area (c) multi-media area (d) (a), (b), and (c) (e) other:______________ 15. In the computer terminal area where e-jrnls are made available there should be ________________. (a) a reference manual for help (b) help screens on the terminal (c) a sign-up sheet for a mini-course on using e-jrnls (d) a librarian stationed there to give individual instruction (e) some form of announcement that the computer terminal has e-jrnls available (f) all of the above (g) other______________________ 16. Would you advise that libraries "advertise" e-jrnls? (a) Yes (b) No b. If you answered Yes, should advertisement be in the form of: (a) Newsletters (b) Notices on bulletin boards (c) "highlighting" the area to make it stand out (d) all of the above [line 210] (e) in other ways, for example...______________________ 17. How should a library identify e-jrnls accessible at some library other than its own? (a) in a list near the terminal (b) in a list on a help screen of the terminal (c) in other ways, for example_______________ 18. If your library could make e-jrnls available, would you be willing to pay any part of the subscription fees, computer account fee, or the cost of printing or downloading it to a disk? (a) Yes, some nominal fee of $2.00 or under (b) Yes, a fee of under $10.00, but more than two (c) Yes, associated fees of any reasonable amount (d) No, no fees of any kind 19. Do you often read e-jrnls? (a) Yes, but it varies from month to month (b) Yes, at least once a month (c) Yes, at least once a week (d) Yes, at least once a day (e) This is the first time I have read an e-jrnl 20. Do you refer to e-jrnl articles when you write? (a) Yes (b) No 21. How did you find out about this e-jrnl?______________________________________________ 22. Do you read any electronic journals besides this one? (a) Yes, I read _______________________________ (b) No [line 248] General Information: Country in which you read this journal: _______________ Your age is _________ Position of respondent: (a) professor, (b) student, (c) librarian, (d) other_______________ a. If in school: Name of school: _________________________ Field of study/teaching: __________________________ Name of Reader (optional): ______________________________ Comments are welcome: -----------------8<----------------CUT-HERE----------------8<------------------ Responses (Please send your response in any one of the following ways) By mail: By fax: By e mail: Meta Reid 518: 276-3017 amendc@RPI.edu 65 23rd St. Troy, N.Y. 12180 U.S.A. Sample Answer Sheet (For Questions 1-11; please answer with appropriate numeral) 1)__ 2)__ 3)__ 4)__ 5)__ 6)__ 7)__ 8)__ 9)__ 10)__ 11)__ [line 286] 12) a, b, c, d 13) Yes / No 14) a, b, c, d, e 15) a, b, c, d, e, f, g____________________ 16) Yes / No a, b, c, d, e 17) a, b, c 18) a, b, c, d 19) a, b, c, d, e 20) Yes / No 21) How did you find out about this e-jrnl?____________________ 22) Yes, I read ______________________________________________ No General Information Country: __________________ Age: ____ Position: a, b, c, d a) If in school: Name of school: ________________ Field of study: ________________ Name (optional): __________________ Comments: _________________________________________________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- __ E J o u r n a l __ Questionnaire You can extract and e-mail this ten-item questionnaire, or send us responses listed by number, or print the page(s) for faxing or mailing. -------------------8<----------------CUT-HERE----------------8<----------------- 1. If you are affiliated with a not-for-profit organization, what kind is it? (for instance: library, museum, government, education [line 324] [arts and letters, math and science, social/behavioral sciences; engineering, law, medicine, business])? Other not-for-profit? 2. If you are affiliated with a for-profit organization, what sort is it? (for instance: computing, engineering, finance, law, manufacturing, medicine, publishing)? Other for-profit? 3. How is _EJournal_ delivered to you for reading (e-mail [you are a subscriber], Usenet connection, library terminal, paper copy, other)? 4. What sort of 'ware do you use to read _EJournal_? a. Is your connection a central computer facility (via UN*X, VAX, IBM, other)? b. Is it via a commercial program (CompuServe, Prodigy, MCI Mail, other)? c. What kind of platform do you sit in front of (dumb terminal, PC/DOS, PC/Windows, Apple/Macintosh, Commodore/Amiga, other)? 5. Do you print _EJournal_ to save? to share? 6. Do you forward _EJournal_ to one or two people, or to a list of people? 7. Do you file _EJournal_ electronically for future reference? 8. Have you retrieved _EJournal_ issues (or Contents) from the FILESERV? [line 362] a) How often? 9. What do you hope you will find when you admit _EJournal_ to your screen? Please close your eyes and recall (and record for us) what sort of text you hoped you would find when this issue arrived. [Here are some hints about subjects you could add to the hopes you expressed above: education and pedagogy, matrix/network/cyberspace musings, thoughts about "text" and "display," discussions of virtual reality, arts, hypertext, interactive fiction, MUDs; *examples* of uniquely electronic fiction and poetry and other arts; costs/benefits of networking; ownership and copyright; controversy and polemic about gender and power and disability and access to and uses of technology.] 10. Do you have any comments about what would prompt you to recommend that others subscribe, and what act or omission would push you to unsubscribe? (Please don't unsub because you hate surveys!) -----------------8<----------------CUT-HERE----------------8<------------------ An extracted survey with your responses beneath each question, or a message containing numbered responses, can be e-mailed directly to: peter.gorny@arbi.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de You could reply to _EJournal_ at our usual address: ejournal@albany.bitnet but we will forward your text to PG, who has kindly offered to compile your electronic responses. If you decide to use paper, you can fax your page or two, or use snail mail, to our pseudo-virtual office: FAX: (518) 442-4599 (ATTN: Ted Jennings) [line 400] Snail: Ted Jennings Department of English University at Albany Albany NY 12222 USA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An Ownership/Copyright Exchange - Allen and Dilworth by John B. Dilworth and Jonathan Allen Department of Philosophy Dept. of Information and Computer Science Western Michigan University University of California, Irvine Supplement to the Volume 1 Number 3-2 (September, 1992) essay by John B. Dilworth, "Credit, Compensation and Copyright: Owning Knowledge and Electronic Networks." Here, with their permission, is correspondence between John B. Dilworth and Jonathan Allen on the subject of John B. Dilworth's "Credit, Compensation and Copyright: Owning Knowledge and Electronic Networks" essay in our September, 1992 issue (V1N3-2). Readers may want to turn their dialogue into a polylog; we'd be happy to keep this thread spinning. You can send for the complete text of John B. Dilworth's essay with the following message addressed to the Listserver at Albany: Address: LISTSERV@ALBANY.bitnet Message: GET EJRNL V1N3-2 -- from Jonathan Allen: Dear Professor Dilworth, I found your recent Ejournal essay interesting and useful. It opened my eyes to the importance of indirect compensation--the gains in prestige and future career progress--for rewarding the creation of intellectual property in the electronic era. Indirect [line 438] compensation will be enough motivation to produce intellectual property in more cases than are commonly assumed, I agree, but in how many more cases? If most compensation is indirect, how will the mix of intellectual artifacts produced be affected? Indirect compensation, it seems to me, rests on two assumption: 1) that the value of intellectual property is primarily related to the value and the creativity of the ideas, rather than the effort put into the collection, assembly, and expression of information; and 2) that the career paths and personal motivations of authors are closely tied to the potential for future publication. These assumptions are valid for many academics, for instance, but not always. I would guess that textbooks would be undervalued relative to their commercial value. In the larger publishing world, I would guess that the lack of direct compensation would relatively discourage the production of published materials that emphasize mundane effort over creative ideas--manuals, directories, and reference works of all kinds. The author that spends many months or years compiling a list of bed- and-breakfast inns, or a detailed repair manual for a Honda Civic, is probably a lot more interested in being compensated directly than in adding an item to their vita. The increased uncertainty (of an economic kind) could become a powerful disincentive to produce. I don't want us to fall into the trap of thinking that academic research work is the norm for our electronic future. Thanks again for an interesting essay. Sincerely, Jonathan Allen Dept. of Information and Computer Science University of California, Irvine. -- reply from John Dilworth: Dear Professor Allen, Thanks for your interesting comments on my _EJournal_ essay. [line 476] I agree that indirect compensation may be a less significant factor in overall reward in the case of more routine literary tasks. However, I don't regard this as clearly a problem which will have to be addressed as electronic media become more prominent. Nor is indirect compensation significant only in academic contexts. If we go back to basics for a moment, and ask why people are motivated to write anything at all, financial compensation (whether direct or indirect) is only one factor. It has to be adequate enough so that talented people think their efforts will not go unrewarded, but not much more than that. Publishers generally are swamped by literary submissions of all kinds, submitted for all kinds of reasons, so some falloff in volume might even be welcomed by them. If excellent submissions became hard to obtain, publishers would have to pay more direct compensation to non-academic authors, or offer promises of larger advances on future works (another form of indirect compensation). Electronic media could finance such payments for general electronic publishing by charging subscribers a fee of some kind. This is not clearly undesirable, because a willingness to pay at least a minimal subscription fee does give evidence of genuine demand for a literary product. Perhaps we need not be too concerned about potentially discouraging authors whose efforts no-one would have wanted to read anyway. On the relevance of indirect compensation to non-academic as well as academic authorship, adding an item demonstrating authorship skills to one's job Resume is just as potentially rewarding as a publication in an academic Vita. With the increasingly volatile job market in every area, solid evidence of past achievement is exactly what is needed for speedy promotion or beneficial re- hiring. Though I emphasised creative originality in my essay, superior expression or presentation would also be generally rewarded through indirect compensation in such contexts. With best wishes, [line 514] John B. Dilworth Dept. of Philosophy, Western Michigan Univ., MI 49008 Dilworth@gw.wmich.edu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Announcement about Simulation and Gaming -- "Simulation & Gaming: An International Journal of Theory, Design and Research" (Sage Publications) is devoted to academic and applied issues in the fields of simulation, computerized simulation, gaming, modeling, play, role-play and active, experiential learning and related methodologies in education, training and research. Manuscripts are welcome at any time. David Crookall, the editor, can be reached at crookall@ua1vm.bitnet or crookall@ua.edu . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ I N F O R M A T I O N ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About Subscribing and Sending for Back Issues: In order to: Send to: This message: Subscribe to _EJournal_: LISTSERV@ALBANY.bitnet SUB EJRNL Your Name Get Contents/Abstracts of previous issues: LISTSERV@ALBANY.bitnet GET EJRNL CONTENTS Get Volume 1 Number 1: LISTSERV@ALBANY.bitnet GET EJRNL V1N1 Send mail to our "office": EJOURNAL@ALBANY.bitnet Your message... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About "Supplements": _EJournal_ is experimenting with ways of revising, responding to, reworking, or even retracting the texts we publish. Authors who want to address a subject already broached --by others or by themselves-- may send texts for us to consider publishing as a Supplement issue. Proposed supplements will not go through as thorough an editorial review process as the essays they annotate. [line 553] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About Letters: _EJournal_ is willing publish letters to the editor. But we make no predictions about how many, which ones, or what format. The "Letters" column of a periodical is a habit of the paper environment, and _EJournal_ readers can send outraged objections to our essays directly to the authors. Also, we can publish substantial counter-statements as articles in their own right, or as "Supplements." Even so, when we get brief, thoughtful statements that appear to be of interest to many subscribers they will appear as "Letters." Please send them to EJOURNAL@ALBANY.bitnet . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About Reviews: _EJournal_ is willing to publish reviews of almost anything that seems to fit under our broad umbrella: the implications of electronic networks and texts. We do not, however, solicit and thus cannot provide review copies of fiction, prophecy, critiques, other texts, programs, hardware, lists or bulletin boards. But if you would like to bring any publicly available information to our readers' attention, send your review (any length) to us, or ask if writing one sounds to us like a good idea. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About _EJournal_: _EJournal_ is an all-electronic, Matrix distributed, peer-reviewed, academic periodical. We are particularly interested in theory and practice surrounding the creation, transmission, storage, interpretation, alteration and replication of electronic text. We are also interested in the broader social, psychological, literary, economic and pedagogical implications of computer- mediated networks. The journal's essays are delivered free to Bitnet/Internet/ Usenet addressees. Recipients may make paper copies; _EJournal_ will provide authenticated paper copy from our read-only archive for use by academic deans or others. Individual essays, reviews, stories-- texts --sent to us will be disseminated to subscribers as soon as they have been through the editorial process, which will also be "paperless." We expect to offer access through libraries to our electronic Contents and Abstracts, and to be indexed and abstracted in appropriate places. [line 592] Writers who think their texts might be appreciated by _EJournal_'s audience are invited to forward files to EJOURNAL@ALBANY.bitnet . If you are wondering about starting to write a piece for to us, feel free to ask if it sounds appropriate. There are no "styling" guidelines; we try to be a little more direct and lively than many paper publications, and considerably less hasty and ephemeral than most postings to unreviewed electronic spaces. We read ASCII; we look forward to experimenting with other transmission and display formats and protocols. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Board of Advisors: Stevan Harnad Princeton University Dick Lanham University of California at L.A. Ann Okerson Association of Research Libraries Joe Raben City University of New York Bob Scholes Brown University Harry Whitaker University of Quebec at Montreal ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Consulting Editors - December, 1992 ahrens@hartford John Ahrens Hartford ap01@liverpool.ac.uk Stephen Clark Liverpool userlcbk@umichum Bill Condon Michigan crone@cua Tom Crone Catholic University dabrent@acs.ucalgary.ca Doug Brent University of Calgary djb85@albany Don Byrd University at Albany donaldson@loyvax Randall Donaldson Loyola College ds001451@ndsuvm1 Ray Wheeler North Dakota erdt@pucal Terry Erdt Purdue Calumet fac_askahn@vax1.acs.jmu.edu Arnie Kahn James Madison University folger@yktvmv Davis Foulger IBM - Watson Center george@gacvax1 G.N. Georgacarakos Gustavus Adolphus gms@psuvm Gerry Santoro Pennsylvania State University nrcgsh@ritvax Norm Coombs Rochester Institute of Technology pmsgsl@ritvax Patrick M.Scanlon Rochester Institute of Technology r0731@csuohio Nelson Pole Cleveland State University richardj@surf.sics.bu.oz Joanna Richardson Bond University, Australia ryle@urvax Martin Ryle University of Richmond twbatson@gallua Trent Batson Gallaudet wcooper@vm.ucs.ualberta.ca Wes Cooper Alberta ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University at Albany Computing Services Center: Isabel Nirenberg, Bob Pfeiffer; Ben Chi, Director ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Editor: Ted Jennings, English, University at Albany Managing Editor: Ron Bangel, University at Albany Assistant Managing Editor: Dan Smith, University at Albany ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- University at Albany State University of New York Albany, NY 12222 USA