1$0$13$2$.5$2$.5$1000$2$2$1.4$4$2$2.5$.1$3.5$.25$4$2$2$.75$4$1.5$1.4$83$100$10$4$4$1.5$2$.5$100$4$3.141592654$1000000$4$2$1000$6.283185307$.5$12.56637061$3.141592654$2$2$2$2$2$2$3.14159$100$100$.09$.14$.22$.312$12$.081$13$.072$14$.064$15$.057$16$.051$17$.045$18$.040$19$.036$20$.32$21$.0285$22$.0253$23$.0226$24$.0201$25$.0179$26$.0159$27$.0142$28$.0126$29$.0113$30$.01$31$.0089$32$.008$33$.0071$34$.0063$35$.0056$36$.005$37$.0045$38$.004$39$.0035$40$.0031$12$40$40$4$4$4$18$2$40$4$4$4$18$2$10$10$100$100$492$.05$2$492$30$.95$150$.97$149.9$.98$118$148$.1264$2$.1593$3$.2009$4$.2533$5$.3195$6$.4028$7$.5080$8$.6405$9$.8077$10$1.018$11$1.284$12$1.619$13$2.042$14$2.575$15$3.247$16$4.094$17$5.163$18$6.51$19$8.21$20$10.35$21$13.05$22$16.46$23$20.76$24$26.17$25$33$26$41.62$27$52.48$28$66.17$29$83.44$30$105.2$31$132.7$32$167.3$33$211$34$266$35$335$36$423$37$533$38$672.6$39$848.1$40$1069$1.6$4$4.4$1.8$1.4$5.68$12.8$5.1$4$.94$11$6.7$3.4$1000$1000$.1264$.1593$2$.2009$3$.2533$4$.3195$5$.4028$6$.5080$7$.6405$8$.8077$9$1.018$10$1.284$11$1.619$12$2.042$13$2.575$14$3.247$15$4.094$16$5.163$17$6.51$18$8.21$19$10.35$20$13.05$21$16.46$22$20.76$23$26.17$24$33$25$41.62$26$52.48$27$66.17$28$83.44$29$105.2$30$132.7$31$167.3$32$211$33$266$34$335$35$423$36$533$37$672.6$38$848.1$39$1069$40$1000$1000$5.5$5$24$8.7$3$8$11.7$9$18$*8% *** ELECTRICAL ENGENEERING & DESIGN ***$4 J. Schrabal, April 1979$44To select one of the programs just type it's number$4 and hit 'return' key.$44Select from the following programs:$4 1. Ohm law (DC)$4 2. Zener stabilized DC supply$4 3. DC power supply design$4 4. Low pass 2-pole Butterwoth filter$4 5. Series resonant frequency circuit$4 6. Passive band-pass filter$4 7. Small coil design & inductance calculations$4 8. Long wire antenna$4 9. Dipole or half wave antenna$4 10. Time constant calculation$4 11. Resistance of wire$4 12. Crystal (rec./tr.) frequency calculations$44What program do you wish to select$4;"'.. 76Please answer with number fom 1 to 12 !$46[ \96I666'666I6&6(v6+56,644 *** OHM LAW (DC) ***$44 ENTER values for 2 (two) known$4 ENTER 0 (zero) for unknown values to be calculated$44Potemtial in volts $4;"'Current flow in amperes $4;"'.. 76Resistance in ohms$4;"'.. . 7P6.. . 7j6Power in watts $4;"'.. . 76.. . 76.. . 76$6668.6868.4Potential = $# volts$4Current flow = $# amperes$4Resistance = $# ohms$4Power = $# watts$44MORE CALCULATIONS? (YES/NO)$4;1'YES76l664 *** ZENER STABILIZED CIRCUIT DESIGN ***$44Voltage rating of zener diode$4;"'Wattage rating of zener diode$4;"'Maximum DC voltage of power supply$4;"'..For an open circuit, or for load up to $.# miliamperes$4Use $#ohms $# watt resistor$44Will the load (device) you use have larger than $#watts consumption?$4(YES/NO)$4;1'NO76oWhat is the maximum wattage of the device you use:$4; "' ..  Use $ #ohms $ # watts resistor$4WARNING: Zener diode will probably burn out if the load$4 shoulkd be removed and circuit left open.$44More calculations? (YES/NO)$4; 1' YES7666 *** POWER SUPPLY DESIGN ***$44What is LINE AC voltage supplied by utility$4;"'What is transformer's primary rating (or tap)$4;"'What is RMS voltage of secondary winding$4; "'  .  . What is the needed (desired) DC voltage$4;"' . 7 6  7 6sWhat is the voltage rating of REGULATORS$4 used with the power supply$4;"'. .7 S6..7 i6+Presuming that you use full wave, will the rectifying bridge$4consist of four (4) or two (2) diodes (as in centertap sec)$4;"'.. 7 6 34Answer whether 2 or 4 diodes will be used$446 i.7 B..7 Q. .What is the load to be used in amperes? (if unknown type 0)$4;"'.7 6...4Line = $# volts AC (max.).Transformer primary (tap) = $# volts AC$4Secondary = $ # volts RMS. Peak sec.voltage = $#4For desired $# volts DC use rectifying bridge of $#4diodes rated at $ # volts (minimum) and $.#amps (min.)$4Filter capacitor should be rated $# microfarads (minimum)$4and $#volts DC (min).Permissible ripple = $# volts$44NOTE:Use ohm-law to calculate bleeder-resitor.$4More calculation for another secondary (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7 6 >More calculation for another transformer (or tap)$4;1'YES76 6 6Your secondary winding has overly high rating for this$4power requirement$446 >Your secondary winding has low voltage rating for this$4power requirement$446 >Power supply DC voltage must be more than 2.5 volts higher$4 than voltage of REGULATOR.$446 Your supply voltage is overly high and will cause the regulator$4to overheat. Reduce your voltage to $.# volts$4One way to do this is to insert series of diodes with rating$4which will be printed below, each such diode reducing the$4supply DC voltage by .7 volts (two diodes reduce 1.4 v)$4Then ad this voltage to regulators when answering Q.$446 How many TAB-type regulators will be used$4;"' K-type regulators$4;"'Any other load (in ampers)$4;"'.6  *** LOW PASS FILTER ***$4This program is based on OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS DESIGNS$4& APPLICATIONS by Graeme & Tobey, McGraw, 1971.$44Cut off frequency (in Hertz)$4;"'Desired pass-band gain (H)$4;"'Peaking factor: 0(zero) for standard 2-pole Butterworth$4(alpha) value for non-standard filter$4;"'.7... 76Value of C2 in mF (microFarads)$4Note: 0.02 mF = 0.000 000 02 F $4; "'.!." .#4 .---------. C1 = $.$. .%#4 X : C2 = $ #4 X R2 = C2 R1 = $#4 X : R2 = $#4 R1 : R3 : - o R3 = $.#4--XXXXXX--:--XXXXXX-:---o o$4 : o o$4 E-in : o o---------------$4 = C1 + o o$4 : ---o o$4 : : o E-out$4 : :$4----------:----------:--------------------------$4Another gain/alpha ratio? (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7}6Another filter configuration (YES/NO)$4; 1' YES7666Because operational amplifiers are non-ideal, pass-$4band gain should be chosen to be less than 10 when peaking$4factor Alpha = 0-1$4Gain of 100 with peaking factor=1 is acceptable for $4for peaking gain 80 dB in 2-pole Batterworth config-$464 *** SERIES RESONAT FREQUENCY CIRCUITS ***$44Inductance in MH (Micro-Henrys)$4;"'Capacitance in PF (Pico-Farads)$4; "'4Series L/C resonant frequency is $.&.' .(# KHz (Kilo Hertz)$4Note: this frequency is not affected by resistance in the circuit$44More calculations? (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7664 *** PASSIVE BANDPASS FILTER DESIGN ***$44 This program is based on ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING &$4CIRCUITS DESIGN by Skilling, Willey, 1961.$4 It will calculate ideal component values for the$4T-section and PI-Section filters, given F1, F2,and R$44What is F1, low cut-off frequency (in Hertz)$4;"'What is F2, high cut-off frequency (in Hertz)$4;"'76What is R, image impedance in mid-frequency (in ohms)$4;"'.76.76.76 .).*If you want T-section type 'T'$4;1'T7B6?42Ca=$ .+#5 Cb=$.#5 R=$#4La/2=$.,#5 Lb=$ #44 2Ca La/2 La/2 2Ca$4o----!!----mmmmmmm---:-----:---mmmmmmm---!!-.....$4 : : :$4 : m X$4 Cb = m Lb R X$4 : m X$4 : : :$4o--------------------:-----:----------------....:$44If you want PI-section type 'P'$4;1'P7u6,4La=$#5 2Lb=$.- #5 R=$#4Ca=$ #5 Cb/2=$...#44 La Ca$4o-------:----:-mmmmmmm----!!-----:----:..........:$4 : : : : :$4 m : : m X$4 2Lb m = Cb/2 Cb/2 = m 2Lb R X$4 m : : m X$4 : : : : :$4o-------:----:-------------------:----:..........:$44Another passive filter calculation (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7666High cut-off frequency must be higher than low-$4cut-off frequency$46This value must be larger than 0 (zero)$46Answer 'P' or 'T' only$46 *** SMALL COIL DESIGN ***$44Program limitations:$4 Inductance = 100 microhenries MAXIMUM$4 Wire size = 12 size MAXIMUM$4 40 gage MINIMUM$4 (resistors used as form must be of composite type)$44PROGRAMS:$4 1. INDUCTANCE$4 2. INDUCTIVE REACTANCE$44 WHICH ONE OF THE TWO PROGRAMS ABOVE YOU WANT COMPUTE$4;"'.7 6!./7 6 H.7 6 HWHAT IS THE DESIRED INDUCTIVE REACTANCE IN OHMS$4;"'AT WHAT FREQUENCY IN MHZ$4;"'.0.1INDUCTANCE = $# MICROHENRIES$4.27!6"Program limitation is 100 microhenries MAXIMUM$46 HWhat is the desired coil inductance in microhenries$4;"'.37"6!Coil forms:$4 A = 1/4 WATT RESISTOR$4 B = 1/2 WATT RESISTOR$4 C = 1 WATT RESISTOR$4 D = 2 WATT RESISTOR$4 E = OTHER FORM$4 SELECT COIL FORM FROM ABOVE (A,B,C,D,E)$4;1'A7"ـ .4B7" .5C7" .6D7# .7E7#6#6#6#LWhat is the diameter of the coil in inches$4; "'What gage enameled wire will be used:$4 (gage 12 to 40)$4;"'.87#.9.:7#.;.<7#ˀ.=.>7#ڀ.?.@7#.A.B7#.C.D7$.E.F7$.G.H7$%.I.J7$4.K.L7$C.M.N7$R.O.P7$a.Q.R7$p.S.T7$.U.V7$.W.X7$.Y.Z7$.[.\7$.].^7$ʀ._.`7$ـ.a.b7$.c.d7$.e.f7%.g.h7%.i.j7%$.k.l7%3.m.n7%B.o.p7%Q.q.r.s 7%d6#L.t.u.v.w   .xI.y  .z.{.|.}   .~I.  7%6%.B.4Wire size = $# gage$4Coil diameter = $ # inches$4Number of turns = $#4Coil lenght = $.B.# inches$4More calculations? (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7&6 H6&64 *** LONG WIRE ANTENNA ***$44 When antenna is more than half wavelenght long$4it is called 'long wire' or 'harmonic' antenna.$44What frequency in MHz (Mega Hertz)$4;"'How many half-waves long$4;"'..Lenth = $# Feet$4Note: If this antenna is fed in exact center at $.# ft.$4no unbalance will occur on any harmonic frequency.$44More calculations? (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7(s6'R64 *** DIPOLE OR HALF WAVE ANTENNA ***$44Frequency in MHz (Mega Hertz)$4;"'.4Actual half-wave lenght is $# feet$4.7)..7)$..7)6.Lenght corrected to free space factor and to capacitance$4of insulators is $# feet$44 ..<----------$# ft-------->$4 <-$ #ft->$4o----------o-------o----------o$4 o o ^$4 o o E = $# ft$4 o=o <- 600 ohms line 3.75 in spaced #16 wire$4 o o 5 in spaced #14 wire$4 o o 6 in spaced #12 wire$44More calculations (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7+26(64 *** TIME CONSTANT CALCULATIONS ***$44NOTE: If you wish to substitute Farads by MICROfarads then you$4 must use resistance in MEGohms in order to get result$4 in seconds.$4What is the resistance in ohms$4;"'What is the capacitance in farads$4; "'Time constant = $ #seconds$4More calculations? (YES/NO)$4;1'YES7,6+g6,64 *** RESISTANCE OF WIRE ***$44What is the desired resistance in ohms$4;"'What A.W.G.(B&S) size wire NO. is available?$4 (if unknown, enter '0')$4;"'.7-x61v.7-..7-..7-..7-..7-À..7-Ҁ..7-..7-..7-..7...7...7.,..7.;..7.J..7.Y..7.h..7.w..7...7...7...7...7.€..7.р..7...7...7...7/ ..7/..7/+..7/:..7/I..7/X..7/g..7/v..7/..7/..7/..7/..7/..7/Ѐ.Of what MATERIAL is the wire$4; 1' C00PER70 . ALUMINUM70&. BRASS70<. CADMIUM70T. CHROMIUM70m. GOLD70. IRON70. LEAD70. NICKEL70À. BRONZE70ڀ. SILVER70. STEEL71. TIN71. ZINK710..For $#ohms use $# feet of N0.$# $ wire$464yWhat is distance in feet$4; "'!. !.71.!.71€.!.71р.!.71.!.71.!.71.!.72 .!.72.!.72+.!.72:.!.72I.!.72X.!.72g.!.72v.!. 72. !. 72. !. 72.!.72.!.72.!.72Ѐ.!.72߀.!.72.!.72.!.73 .!.73.!.73*. !.!739."!.#73H.$!.%73W.&!.'73f.(!.)73u.*!.+73.,!.-73..!./73.0!.173.2!.373.4!.573π.6!.773ހ.8!.973.:!.;73.<The smalest copper wire for $# ohms at distance of $ # feet$4 that can be safely used is No.$# A.W.G.(B&S)$4More calculations? (YES/NO)$4; 1' YES746,6464 ***RECEIVING & TRANSMITTING CRYSTAL CALCULATIONS*** $44What is the receiving frequency? (in MHz)$4;"'What is the transmitting frequency? (in MHz)$4;"'67What is 1st IF freq.(in MHz) of rec.$4;"'What is RECEIVING crystal divider$4;""'What is TRANSMITTING crystal multiplier$4;#"'4For receiving on $# MHz (with $# MHz IF) & $"# divider$4 ORDER $".=#KHz receiving crystal$4For transmitting on $# MHz (tranmit multiplier=$##)$4ORDER $#.># KHz transmitting crystal$44More crystal freq. calculations? (YES/NO)$4; 1' YES77 64676What make and model transceiver?$4 STANDARD 146A - MOTOROLA 80D - VOICECOMMANDER$4;$1'$STANDARD 146$STANDARD 146A 7767$MOTOROLA 80D77.?".@#.A65$VOICECOMMANDER77.B".C#.D6565Z.E".F#.G65DARD 146A 7767$MOTOROLA 80D77.?".@#.A65$VOICECOMMANDER77