Compiler Operation Invoking Pascal Compilation Switches File Input/Output Special Functions and Procedures Pascal/MT Symbolic Debugger Pascal/MT Reserved Words Notes :Compiler Operation The Pascal/MT compiler exists in two versions, each consisting of two 8080 object code files: FLTCOMP.COM (renamed PASCAL.COM on ARIES-1) and P2/FLT.OVL for the version in which REAL numbers are implemented as floating point values internally and BCDCOMP.COM and P2/BCD.OVL for the version in which REAL numbers are implemented as BCD values internally. These files are Pass 1 and Pass 2 of the Pascal/MT compiler, respectively. Also required by the compiler are the following files -- P1ERRORS.TXT - Pass 1 Error Messages P2ERRORS.TXT - Pass 2 Error Messages PASCAL/F.RTP - Run-time Package (including debugger) for FLT PASCAL/B.RTP - Run-time Package (including debugger) for BCD The input files to the Pascal/MT compiler must have the extension '.SRC' or '.PAS' indicating that it is a source program file. There must be a carriage return/line feed sequence at the end of each input line and an input line may not be longer than 80 characters. :Invoking Pascal The Pascal/MT compiler is invoked on ARIES-1 by using the following command -- PASCAL filename.DL where 'filename' is the name of the file with the extension '.SRC' or '.PAS' containing the Pascal/MT source statements to be compiled, D is Y or N to indicate whether to include the debugger in the resultant .COM file, and L is Y or N to indicate whether to produce a .PRN file (listing). PASCAL defaults to no debugger and no listing. The four invocation options are -- PASCAL filename - no debugger, no listing PASCAL filename.Y - debugger, no listing PASCAL filename.NY - no debugger, listing PASCAL filename.YY - debugger, listing For usage with the BCD version of the compiler, the commands are similar except that 'PASCAL' is replaced by 'BCDCOMP'. :Compilation Switches Compile-time options may be specified to the compiler from within the source file. Such options take the form of special comments. The form of these comments is (*$o info*) or {$o info} where 'o' is the letter of the option and 'info' is information particular to that option. These options are -- $I Include .SRC into source stream $L+ or $L- Turn listing on (default) or Turn listing off $P Insert form feed into .PRN file $D+ or $D- Turn debug code on (default) or Turn debug code off $C+ Use CALL instructions for real operations $Cn Use RST n for real operations (n=0 ... 7) $O $aaaa ORG program (run-time) at $aaaa (default 100H) $R $bbbb ORG RAM data at $bbbb $Z $cc00 Set run-time size to $cc 256-byte pages $X $dddd Set run-time stack space to $dddd (default $200) $S+ or $S- Turn recursion or or Turn recursion off (default) $Q+ or $Q- Enable verbose output (default) or Disable verbose :File Input/Output The standard Pascal READ, READLN, WRITE, and WRITELN statements are implemented for the CP/M console device. WRITE or WRITELN to a built-in file called PRINTER is allowed to directly access the CP/M list device (like, WRITE(PRINTER,'Hello')). The following extensions are implemented to handle files -- OPEN(fcbname,title,result{,extent_number}); (extent_number defaults to 0) CLOSE(fcbname,result); CREATE(fcbname,title,result); DELETE(fcbname); BLOCKREAD(fcbname,buffer,result{,relativeblock}); BLOCKWRITE(fcbname,buffer,result{,relativeblock}); where fcbname : a variable of type TEXT (array 0..32 of CHAR) title : ARRAY [0..11] of CHAR with title[0]=disk select byte (0=logged in disk, 1=A,...) title[1..8]=filename and title[9..11]=filetype result : integer to contain returned value buffer : ARRAY [0..127] of CHAR relativeblock : optional integer 0..255 :Special Functions and Procedures Pascal/MT supports the following special routines -- PROC MOVE(source,dest,length-in-bytes); PROC EXIT; FUNC TSTBIT(16-bit-var,bit#):BOOLEAN; PROC SETBIT(VAR 16-bit-var,bit#); PROC CLRBIT(VAR 16-bit-var,bit#); FUNC SHR(16-bit-var,#bits):16-bit-result; {Shift Right} FUNC SHL(16-bit-var,#bits):16-bit-result; {Shift Left} FUNC LO(16-bit-var):16-bit-result; FUNC HI(16-bit-var):16-bit-result; FUNC SWAP(16-bit-var):16-bit-result; FUNC ADDR(variable reference):16-bit result; PROC WAIT(portnum:constant; mask:constant; polarity:boolean); FUNC SIZEOF(variable or type name):integer; Please refer to pp 32-33 of "Pascal/MT 3.0 Guide" for further info. :Pascal/MT Symbolic Debugger The debugging facilities available to the user when using the debugger fall into two catagories -- program flow control and variable display. If the user wishes to see the commands during the execution of the debugger, type a '?' followed by a return. The program flow commands provided in the symbolic debugger allow the user to debug the Pascal/MT program at the Pascal source statement level. Included are go/continue (with optional breakpoint), trace, set/clear/display permanent breakpoint and a mode which will display the name of each procedure/function on the console as the procedure or function is entered. These commands are discussed briefly on the following displays -- Debugger Command: G - Go with optional breakpoint Syntax: G{,} G{,} Go resumes execution where the program last stopped. Breakpoint may be optionally set at a specific line or function/procedure. Debugger Command: T - Trace Syntax: T{} Execute one or more lines of the program. Debugger Command: E - Procedure/Function Display Toggle Syntax: {-}E E engages display of the names of procedures/functions entered; -E disengages it. Debugger Command: S - Set/Clear Slow Execution Mode Syntax: {-}S S allows the user to select Fast, Medium, or Slow execution speed; -S causes the program to run at full speed. Debugger Command: P - Set/Clear Permanent Breakpoint Syntax: -P (* Clears breakpoint *) P P P sets the permanent breakpoint; -P clears it. Debugger Command: B - Display Permanent Breakpoint Syntax: B Displays line the permanent breakpoint is set for. Debugger Command: D - Variable Display Syntax: D D : D D ^ The D command is used as indicated. Debugger Commands: +,-,* - Variable Display Syntax: * -- display last value requested (using D or some other) +n -- display variable n bytes forward from last -n -- display variable n bytes backward from last :Pascal/MT Reserved Words ABS DO LO READ TSTBIT ADDR DOWNTO MAXINT READLN TYPE AND ELSE MOD REAL UNTIL ARRAY ENABLE MOVE RECORD VAR BEGIN END NIL REPEAT WAIT BLOCKREAD EXIT NOT RIM85 WHILE BLOCKWRITE EXTERNAL ODD ROUND WRITE BOOLEAN FALSE OF SETBIT WRITELN CASE FILE OPEN SHL CHAIN FOR OR SHR CHAR FUNCTION ORD SIM85 CHR GOTO OUTPUT SIZEOF CLOSE HI PACKED SQR CLRBIT IF PRED SQRT CONST INLINE PRINTER SUCC CREATE INPUT PROCEDURE SWAP DELETE INTEGER PROGRAM THEN DISABLE INTERRUPT RANDOMREAD TO DIV LABEL RANDOMWRITE TRUE :Notes 1. Hexadecimal values may be specified as $hhhh, like $1A = 1AH. 2. All standard Pascal type definitions except ARRAY are supported. The standard form ARRAY...OF ARRAY... must be specified as ARRAY[...,...,...], and a maximum of three dimensions may be used. 3. Type TEXT is ARRAY [0..35] OF CHAR. 4. Interrupt Procedures, declared as "PROCEDURE INTERRUPT[i] proc;", are supported, where i is the restart vector number (0..7). 5. CP/M V2 random file access is supported by RANDOMREAD and RANDOMWRITE. 6. Machine code, constant data, and assembly language code may be inserted using INLINE (see pp 37-39 of "Pascal/MT 3.0 User Guide"). 7. Chaining is supported by CHAIN, whose usage is "CHAIN(filename)". 8. Redirected I/O is supported (see pp 42-43).