.he User's Guide for ZCPR2 .fo Section 0 - Introduction Page # 0.0 Introduction Thió  ió  thå User'ó Guidå foò ZCPR2®  Thå purposå oæ  thió documenô  ió  tï  cover¬  iî somå detail¬  alì  oæ  thå  programó provideä iî thå distributioî oæ thå ZCPR² System®  Thió documenô ió intendeä tï servå aó botè á tutoriaì anä á reference¬  anä thå informatioî containeä iî iô is¬  bù anä large¬  alsï containeä iî the online Help Files provided in the distribution. Thió  User'ó Guidå ió organizeä iî thå  followinç  sections® Thå programó indicateä witè thå sectioî nameó arå thoså discusseä in each section. 1. Input/Output 8. Command Files CONFIG, TINIT SUB2 DEVICE ZEX IOLOADER RECORD 9. Named Directories STARTUP CD SYSIO STARTUP as ST LD 2. Directory Utility MKDIR XDIR3 PWD 3. Disk Utilities 10. ZCPR2 DU2 DIR, XDIR3 ERA, ERASE 4. Library Utilities REN, RENAME LDIRZ TYPE, PAGE LRUNZ LIST, PRINT LU SAVE JUMP 5. Menu GO MCHECK GENINS MENU PATH WHEEL 6. File Compare PROTECT COMPARE CRC 11. Help DIFF HELP2 7. File Copy MCOPY Thió User'ó Guide¬  aó welì aó thå otheò ZCPR² manuals¬  waó written on the author's ZCPR2 system using Word Star. 0.1 Overview of the ZCPR2 Help Files Alì oæ thå ZCPR² utilitieó arå documenteä onlinå bù meanó oæ thå ZCPR² Helð System® Thió documenô waó deriveä froí thå ZCPR2- Specifiã Helð Fileó supplieä witè thå ZCPR² System. Thå  readeò ió inviteä tï reaä thå ZCPR² Conceptó Manuaì anä thå ZCPR² User'ó Guidå aó welì aó thå Helð files® Thå Helð fileó duplicatå thå User'ó Guide¬  bù anä large¬  anä theù providå  thå conveniencå oæ allowinç thå useò tï accesó thå informatioî onlinå anä oæ allowinç thå useò tï quicklù indeø intï thå informatioî tï thå particulaò iteí hå ió interesteä in. Thå  followinç tablå summarizeó thå nameó oæ thå Helð  fileó supplieä  witè thå ZCPR² Systeí anä thå programó covereä bù  eacè Help file. Help File Programs Covered --------- ---------------- CFILES Command File Processors -- SUB2 and ZEX COMPARE Compare Utilities -- COMPARE, CRC, and DIFF CPMTR CP/M-Supplied Transients -- PIP, STAT, etc DU2 Disk Utility -- DU2 HELP Very Basic Help HELP2 Help System -- HELP2 IÏ Redirectablå I/Ï -- DEVICE¬ IOLOADER¬ RECORD¬ SYSIO, and STARTUP/ST LU Library Utilities -- LDIRZ, LRUNZ, LU MCOPY File Copy Utility -- MCOPY MENU Menu System -- MCHECK and MENU NDIRS Named Directory Manipulation Utilities -- CD, LD, MKDIR, PWD, STARTUP/ST, and ECHO XDIR3 Extended Directory Display Utility -- XDIR3 Z2ALT Alternates to ZCPR2-Resident Commands -- ERASE, RENAME, PROTECT, PAGE, PRINT, PATH, and WHEEL Z2RES ZCPR2 Resident Commands ZCPR2 The "Master" Help File Onlù  twï  ZCPR² commandó arå noô covereä bù anù Helð  file® Theù arå CCPLOà anä GENINS¬ whicè arå covereä iî thå Installatioî Manual. 0.2 A Note on File References Filå  Referenceó undeò ZCPR² arå largelù oæ thå samå forí aó undeò CP/Í excepô thaô á ¯ (slash© maù noô bå thå firsô characteò oæ  á  filå  name®   Filå  Referenceó  arå  processeä   slightlù differentlù  undeò  ZCPR2¬  anä thå FCBó arå  slightlù  differenô betweeî  ZCPR² anä CP/Í wheî thå special¬  disalloweä  characteró are included in a file reference. The following are these disallowed characters: < > , ; : = ? * [ ] This¬  oæ  course¬  applieó tï unambiguouó filå  references® Ambiguous file references may contain ? or *. 0.3 Line Editing and Output Control The following are the line editing functions -- rubout Deletå  anä echï thå lasô characteò typeä  aô                     thå console. Ctrl-H   Deletå thå lasô characteò typed»  Backspacå                     onå character» CRT-oriented Ctrl-U Deletå thå entirå linå typeä aô thå console. Ctrl-X Deletå  thå entirå linå typeä aô thå console»                     Backspacå  tï  thå beginninç oæ  thå  currenô                     line» CRT-oriented. Ctrl-R Retypå currenô commanä lineº  typeó á "cleaî                     line¢ followinç characteò deletioî witè  rub                     outs. Ctrl-E Physicaì enä oæ lineº  carriagå ió returned¬                     buô  linå ió noô senô untiì thå carriagå  re                     turî keù ió depressed. Ctrl-M Terminates input (carriage return). Ctrl-J Terminateó  currenô inpuô (linå  feed)»  CRT-                     oriented Ctrl-C CP/M system reboot (warm start). Ctrl-Z Enä  inpuô froí thå consolå (useä iî PIР anä                     ED). Other control functions affect console output -- Ctrl-P Copù  alì  subsequenô consolå outpuô  tï  thå                     currently-assigneä lisô devicå (LST:)®  Out                     puô  ió senô tï botè thå lisô devicå anä  thå                     consolå  devicå  untiì  thå  nexô  Ctrl-Р ió                     typed® Uså oæ Ctrl-Ð ió noô recommendeä aó á                     generaì rulå undeò ZCPR2¬ anä iô ió preferreä                     thaô  thå  useò  emploù  á  Redirectablå  I/Ï                     Devicå Driveò foò thió function. Š           Ctrl-S Stoð thå consolå outpuô temporarily® Prograí                     executioî  anä outpuô continuå wheî thå  nexô                     characteò  ió typeä aô thå  console®  Typinç                     Ctrl-à returnó controì tï CP/M. Inpuô lineó caî generallù bå quitå long¬  thå sizå specifieä aô  ZCPR² installatioî time®  Theù arå noô acteä upoî untiì  thå carriagå returî keù ió typed. Alì  oæ  theså linå editinç functionó arå supporteä  bù  thå CP/Í BDOÓ and¬  consequently¬  useä bù ZCPR² itself®  Manù ZCPR² utilities¬ althï noô all¬ uså thå BDOÓ linå editoò also. .fo Section 1 - Input/Output Page # 1.0 Input/Output 1.1 Redirectable I/O Under ZCPR2 Basically¬  thå  concepô  oæ redirectablå I/Ï  involveó  thå assignmenô  oæ physicaì deviceó tï logicaì  devices®  ZCPR²  anä CP/Í supporô fouò logicaì devices: CON: - Console - An I/O Device for User/System Commo LST: - Printer - An Output-Only Device for Printouts RDR: - Reader - An Input-Only Device PUN: - Punch - An Output-Only Device Undeò  CP/M¬  therå arå onlù fouò physicaì deviceó whicè maù bå  assigneä tï eacè oæ thå fouò logicaì devices®  Undeò  ZCPR2¬ therå  maù  bå aó manù physicaì deviceó aó desireä whicè  maù  bå assigned to each of the four logical devices. Á   "physicaì  device¢  iî  thå  traditionaì  senså   ió   á conventionaì I/Ï device¬  likå á CRÔ oò á Printer®  Iî thå senså oæ ZCPR2¬  iô ió á devicå driver¬  oò bodù oæ software¬  whicè ió communicateä witè viá thå BIOS®  Thió bodù oæ software¬ iî turn¬ may communicate with any device OR SET OF DEVICES that it wishes. SYSIÏ  ió á samplå seô oæ Redirectablå I/Ï Driveró  designeä tï bå useä witè ZCPR² oî mù system®  Undeò SYSIO¬  thå followinç "physical devices" are implemented: CON: Devices - TTY CRT CRT Input and CRT/Remote Computer Output CRT and Modem Input and CRT and Modem Output in Parallel CRT Input and CRT/Modem Output LST: Devices - TTY CRT Modem Remote Computer RDR: and PUN: Devices - Modem Clock Aó  yoõ caî see¬  thå "physicaì devices¢ undeò ZCPR² caî  bå combinationó  oæ actuaì devices®  Thå CRÔ Inpuô  anä  CRT/Remotå Computeò Outpuô device¬  foò instance¬  ió useä tï allo÷ á remotå computeò recorä screeî displayó whicè gï tï thå CRT. Undeò ZCPR2¬  yoõ caî creatå aó manù sets¬  oò packages¬  oæ Redirectablå I/Ï Driveró aó yoõ wish® Eacè packagå caî bå seô uð tï givå thå useò differenô typeó oæ capabilities®  Foò instance¬ onå  packagå  caî  bå likå thå onå É  havå  defineä  abovå  whilå anotheò  packagå caî providå Disë Recordinç capability¬  sucè  aó CRT Input and CRT/Disk File Output. Thå  ZCPR²  Systeí  oæ  Programó  containó  threå  utilitieó designeä tï supporô thå Redirectablå I/Ï System® Theså utilitieó and their functions are: IOLOADER -- Load a Redirectable I/O Package DEVICE -- Display and Select Physical I/O Devices RECORD -- Turn on and off the Recording Facility Thió  sectioî oæ thå User'ó Guidå discusseó theså  utilitieó anä ho÷ theù arå intendeä tï bå used. Chapteò  ·  oæ  thå "Conceptó Manuaì  foò  ZCPR2¢  discusseó redirectablå  I/Ï  aó  iô caî bå implementeä  undeò  ZCPR2®  Thå reader is invited to refer to this for much more detail. 1.2 Loading Redirectable I/O Drivers -- IOLOADER IOLOADEÒ  ió useä tï loaä aî indicateä oò implieä I/Ï driveò packagå  intï  youò redirectablå I/Ï buffeò  area®  IOLOADEÒ  ió invoked by one of the following forms: IOLOADER // <-- Print Help Message IOLOADER <-- Load SYSIO.IO IOLOADER filename <-- Load filename.IO IOLOADER filename.typ <-- Load filename.typ Notå  thaô  thå  DIRº  prefiø ió  NOÔ  supporteä  witè  thió program®  Iî alì caseó oæ loadinç files¬ IOLOADEÒ searcheó alonç thå ZCPR² patè foò thå indicateä oò implieä file® Oncå found¬ iô is loaded into your redirectable I/O buffer. GENINÓ  ió useä tï instalì IOLOADER¬  anä IOLOADEÒ neeä onlù kno÷ thå addresó oæ thå externaì path¬ thå symboì foò thå currenô useò anä disë indicator¬  anä thå addresó oæ thå redirectablå I/Ï buffer® STARTUÐ maù bå useä tï automaticallù executå IOLOADEÒ oî Colä Boot¬  or¬  aó ST¬  STARTUÐ maù bå useä tï executå  IOLOADEÒ wheneveò á directorù ió loggeä intï bù CD. 1.3 Displaying and Selecting Redirectable I/O Drivers -- DEVICE DEVICE¬  oò  DEVICE²  (sï calleä becauså iô  ió  thå  seconä generatioî  oæ mù DEVICÅ program)¬  ió useä tï allo÷ thå useò  tï interactivelù displaù thå nameó oæ thå availablå physicaì deviceó (actually¬  devicå  drivers© whicè maù bå assigneä tï thå logicaì deviceó  anä tï allo÷ thå useò tï assigî á physicaì devicå  tï  á logical device by name. Š DEVICE is invoked by one of the following forms: DEVICE // <-- Print Help Info DEVICE <-- Enter Interactive Command Mode DEVICE cmd,cmd,... <-- Immediately Execute Commands Iî  alì cases¬  wheneveò yoõ arå givinç commandó tï  DEVICE¬ whetheò  iô  ió  froí thå commanä leveì oæ ZCPR² oò  froí  withiî DEVICÅ itself¬  yoõ caî specifù á serieó oæ commandó separateä bù commas. The following commands can be given to DEVICE: DISPLAY ALL or CON or LST or RDR or PUN <-- Display Physical Device Driver Names which can be assigned to CON:, LST:, RDR:, or PUN: Logical Devices; also display the current assignment CON or LST or RDR or PUN = Device <-- Assign a Physical Device Driver to a Logical Device Iî alì cases¬ onlù thå firsô letteò oæ DISPLAÙ anä thå firsô letteò oæ á Logicaì Devicå oò thå worä "ALL¢ ió  necessary®  Alì otheò  letteró  arå ignored®  Thå completå namå oæ  thå  device¬ however, is necessary. Also¬   thå   spacå  anä  thå  characteò  "=¢  maù  bå  useä interchangably and case is not significant. The following are examples of DEVICE commands: D C,D L or D=C,D=L Display CON: and LST: Devices con:=crt,list=tty,reader=modeí oò c=crt,ì tty,r=modem Select the Physical Device Driver called CRT for the CON: Logical Device, select TTY for the LST: Logical Device, and select MODEM for the RDR: Thå  followinç terminaì sessioî furtheò illustrateó thå  uså oæ DEVICÅ witè mù particulaò seô oæ Redirectablå I/Ï Drivers® Mù comments are indicated by <<--. B7>device display console DEVICE2, Version 1.3 CON: Devices -- CRTMOD2 - Televideo 950 CRT Input and CRT/Modem Output CRTREM - Televideo 950 CRT Input and CRT/Remote Output CRTMOD - Televideo 950 CRT and Modem in Parallel CRT - Televideo 950 CRT TTY - Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: CRTMOD B7>device DEVICE2, Version 1.3 DEVICE2 Interactive Command System Type ? and Strike RETURN for Help DEVICE2 Command? d l,lst:=modem <<-- Multiple Commands in <<-- Free Format LST: Devices -- MODEM - DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE - Remote Computer CRT - Televideo 950 CRT TTY - Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: TTY DEVICE2 Command? display list LST: Devices -- MODEM - DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE - Remote Computer CRT - Televideo 950 CRT TTY - Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: MODEM DEVICE2 Command? l tty <<-- Assign Device DEVICE2 Command? l ttyx <<-- How DEVICE Handles Errors Invalid Name Assignment at -- TTYX DEVICE2 Command? d l LST: Devices -- MODEM - DC Hayes Smartmodem REMOTE - Remote Computer CRT - Televideo 950 CRT TTY - Model 43 Printing Terminal Current Assignment: TTY DEVICE2 Command? ? <<-- Built-In Help DEVICE2 Commands are of the form: Command,Command, ... <-- Issue Commands where "command" may take the following forms: DISPLAY=ALL <-- Display Names of All Devices DISPLAY=CON <-- Display Names of Consoles DISPLAY=LST <-- Display Names of Printers DISPLAY=RDR <-- Display Names of Readers DISPLAY=PUN <-- Display Names of Punches CON:=name <-- Select Console LST:=name <-- Select Printer RDR:=name <-- Select Reader PUN:=name <-- Select Punch Á commanä linå beginninç witè á semicoloî (;© ió á comment® Thå Ø Commanä Exitó DEVICE2. DEVICE2 Command? x <<-- Exit 1.4 Controlling the Disk Output Facility -- RECORD RECORÄ  ió  useä tï controì thå Disë Outpuô Facilitù oæ  thå Redirectablå I/Ï Drivers®  Copieó oæ Consolå anä Printeò outputó caî bå createä iî disë fileó bù thå uså oæ thió facility¬  anä iô maù bå extendeä intï á numbeò oæ otheò applicationó aó well. RECORD is invoked by one of the following forms: RECORD or RECORD // <-- Get Help RECORD ON or OFF <-- Console Recording RECORD ON or OFF PRINTER <-- Printer Recording Foò RECORÄ tï perforí itó function¬  iô musô bå  implementeä iî thå Redirectablå I/Ï Drivers® Thió ió lefô aó aî exerciså foò thå  reader®  Thå  Redirectablå I/Ï Driveró supplieä witè  ZCPR² havå  simplå RETurî instructionó aó thå subroutineó  executeä  bù the RECORD functions. Fouò  routineó  arå accesseä iî thå Redirectablå I/Ï  Driveò package to control the RECORD function. They are: COPEN -- Open File for Recording Console Output LOPEN -- Open File for Recording List Output CCLOSE -- Close File for Recording Console Output LCLOSE -- Close File for Recording List Output Iî  thå caseó oæ COPEÎ anä LOPEN¬  theù arå passeä á pointeò tï  thå  firsô twelvå byteó oæ aî FC iî HL®  Theù arå  tï  copù theså  twelvå  byteó  intï theiò internaì FCBó anä  uså  theí  tï definå thå filå names®  Typically¬ thå outpuô fileó generateä bù thå  RECORÄ functioî arå placeä iî thå currenô  directory¬  althï thå  Redirectablå  I/Ï Driveró maù bå configureä  tï  placå  theí anywherå desired. Wheî  RECORÄ  ió  invokeä  tï  turî OΠ onå  oæ  thå  recorä functions¬ iô promptó thå useò foò thå namå oæ thå filå tï recorä into® RECORÄ theî calló thå appropriatå OPEÎ routine. Thå  RECORÄ  prograí knowó iæ disë filå outpuô  driveró  arå availablå thrõ thå Redirectablå I/Ï Packagå Statuó  Routine®  Iæ Registeò Á ió returneä witè thå high-ordeò biô set¬  sucè driveró arå available. RECORÄ  ió tieä intï thå Redirectablå I/Ï Packageó anä workó witè  them®  Thå readeò ió inviteä tï refeò tï thå  Installatioî Manuaì  anä  thå  Conceptó  Manuaì  foò  furtheò  detaiì  oî  thå organizatioî anä functioî oæ sucè packages. RECORÄ ió alsï indirectlù tieä intï DEVICE® Invokinç RECORÄ itselæ   doeó  noô  necessarilù  starô  thå   recordinç   procesó immediately®  Twï  functionó musô takå placå tï begiî  recordinç outpuô ontï disë files: 1) RECORD has to turn the appropriate Driver ON 2) DEVICE has to select the appropriate Driver Thió leadó tï interestinç possiblities®  Bù turninç  RECORÄ OFÆ  durinç  á recordinç session¬  thå outpuô filå ió closeä  anä availablå  foò otheò uses®  Iæ RECORÄ ió lateò  turneä  ON¬  thå outpuô  filå  maù  bå deleteä (iæ thå samå filå  ió  selecteä  tï recorä into)®  However¬ iæ á ne÷ devicå ió selecteä whilå RECORÄ ió  OΠ (say¬  DEVICÅ  CON:=CRÔ ió  issued)¬  theî  recordinç  ió SUSPENDEÄ (NOÔ turneä off© untiì thå recordinç devicå ió selecteä again®  Hence¬  iæ  iô  lookó likå thå recordinç sessioî ió  noô goinç well¬  recordinç caî bå suspended¬  thå probleí fixed¬  anä theî recordinç caî bå resumed. Thió  combineä systeí oæ DEVICÅ anä RECORÄ provideó  á  verù flexiblå  outpuô  recordinç  system®  Iî  addition¬  thå  outpuô recordinç  neeä noô necessarilù gï tï á disë file®  Iô coulä  bå seô uð tï senä CONº outpuô tï thå CRÔ and¬ say¬ á Remotå Computeò foò  processing®  Thå systeí caî bå configureä iî á largå numbeò oæ ways. 1.5 Redirectable I/O and the ZCPR2 System Thå  ZCPR² Systeí caî functioî witè oò withouô  Redirectablå I/Ï  aó implementeä bù thå Redirectablå I/Ï Driveò  Packageó  anä thå IOLOADER¬  DEVICE¬ anä RECORÄ programs® Obviously¬ thå ZCPR² System is made much more flexible by employing these facilities. DEVICÅ  anä RECORÄ arå tieä directlù tï thå Redirectable I/Ï Packageó themselves® Theù don'ô uså anù oæ thå otheò featureó oæ thå  ZCPR² Systeí tï speaë of¬  anä theù arå installeä bù  GENINÓ (theù neeä tï kno÷ wherå thå Redirectablå I/Ï Buffeò ió located)® IOLOADEÒ alsï needó tï bå tolä wherå thå Redirectablå I/Ï  Buffeò ió  locateä  bù GENINS¬  anä iô useó thå ZCPR² patè tï  finä  itó files. Thå  programó  controllinç thå Redirectablå I/Ï Driveró  arå tied together in this manner: IOLOADER loads the drivers DEVICE controls the drivers RECORD enables and disables the disk recording facilities of the drivers 1.6 On the Programming of Terminals Thå CRÔ Terminal¬ whicè ió usuallù thå principaì devicå useä aó  á  consolå foò CP/Í anä ZCPR2¬  ió á first-linå tooì  oæ  thå user®  Iô  ió thå devicå througè whicè hå seeó thå worlä oæ  hió microcomputer¬ and¬ aó such¬ É feeì thaô iô shoulä bå aó flexiblå anä complianô á tooì aó possiblå foò him¬ bendinç tï hió wilì anä doing as much work for him as possible. É  founä thaô thå Televideï 95° provideä á loô oæ  thå  fea tureó  thaô É wanteä tï seå iî á terminal®  Iô sooî becamå  evi dent¬  however¬ thaô iô waó necessarù tï seô uð á seô oæ softwarå undeò  ZCPR² whicè woulä prograí thå TVÉ 95° sï thaô É coulä makå betteò uså oæ it®  Thå TVÉ 95° ió whaô É woulä calì aî  intelli genô  terminal¬  havinç  á built-iî microcomputeò whicè  provideó offlinå  editinç anä manù otheò  features¬  includinç  character- strinç  programmablå functioî keyó anä á statuó line¬  whicè makå lifå much¬  mucè nicer®  É havå createä twï programs¬ CONFIÇ anä TINIT¬  whicè  prograí thió terminaì tï mù tastes®  Thå useò  ió inviteä tï reaä thå built-iî documentatioî anä thå  documentatioî iî thå sourcå code. .fo Section 2 - The ZCPR2 Directory Utility XDIR3 Page # 2.0 Directory Utility 2.1 Overview of XDIR3 XDIR³  ió aî extendeä directorù displaù utilitù designeä  tï ruî  undeò CP/Í 2.² anä supporô somå oæ thå extendeä featureó  oæ ZCPR² aó well® Anù conventionaì CP/Í 2.² useò maù uså XDIR3¬ buô hå  shoulä makå surå hå turnó ofæ thå ZCPR2-specifiã featureó  bù runninç  thå  ZCPR² Installatioî Program¬  GENINS¬  oî XDIR³  anä manuallù turninç theí ofæ beforå usinç XDIR3. XDIR³  automaticallù  adaptó tï anù Org-° CP/Í  2.²  system¬ regardlesó oæ thå sizå oæ itó disks® Iô readó thå disë parameteò blocë informatioî froí thå operatinç systeí tï determinå whaô thå attributeó  oæ  thå  disë iô ió workinç witè  are¬  anä  iô  theî presentó itó displaù informatioî accordingly. XDIR3 runs in two basic modes: . as a directory display utility . as a file scanner utility (File Name Buffer Facility) XDIR³  ió á ZCPR² utilitù whicè supportó thå extendeä  ZCPR² features¬ particularlù nameä directories. Aó   á  directorù  displaù  utility¬   iô  displayó  tï  yoõ informatioî  abouô  thå fileó oî á particulaò disë  iî  alì  useò areaó  oò  á particulaò useò area®  Iô giveó yoõ  thå  followinç information: . Name of File . Size of File (in K bytes) . Attributes of File (Read/Only or System) . Sum of Sizes of All Files Displayed . Total Number of Files on Disk . Amount of Space Remaining on Disk . What Disk and What User Area you are looking at Aó á filå scanneò utility¬ iô doeó thå following: . Logs a group of selected files to disk for later scan . Prints the contents of such a log file ® Scanó á loç filå anä compareó iô witè thå fileó selected by you, telling you what files are missing and what files are additional XDIR³ ió quitå human-oriented¬  witè manù built-iî  featureó whicè  providå  á  human-interfacå typå oæ servicå tï  thå  user® Some of these include: . Named Directories may be specified . The file listing is alphabetized by file name and type or file type and name, depending on user preference . The file listing is organized vertically or horizontally, depending on user preference . Output may also be sent to disk or printer ® XDIR³ ió designeä tï ruî quickly 2.2 Basic Use of XDIR3 under ZCPR2 XDIR3 is invoked by one of the following command lines: XDIR afn oooo... or XDIR afn /oooo... and XDIR /oooo... where all elements after the XDIR command are optional. 'afn§  ió aî ambiguouó filå reference¬  aó describeä oî  thå followinç frames®  'o§ ió aî optioî letter¬ whicè ió onå oò morå oæ  thå optionó describeä oî thå nexô frame®  Notå thaô sincå  á slasè denoteó thaô aî optioî follows¬ aî afî maù noô begiî witè á slash®  Thió  caî bå changeä bù aî equatå iî thå sourcå codå  oæ XDIR3 if desired. Aa - Set the attributes of the files to be displayed a=S for System Files, a=N for Non-System Files a=A for All Files (Non-System and System) D - Send Output to Disk Ff - Engage File Name Buffer Facility f=L to Log File Names to Disk f=P to Print Names Logged to Disk f=S to Scan Disk for File Names and Compare to Log G - Toggle Grouping (group files by name and type or type and name) H - Toggle Horizontal or Vertical display format I - Inspect files selected by FL option N - Negate Selection; select those files which do NOT match the ambiguous file name P - Send Output to Printer 'afn' is an ambiguous file reference, of the general form: dir:filename.typ where filename.typ is a conventional CP/M ambiguous file name (wild card characters of ? and * are OK, but file name must NOT start with /) dir: is a ZCPR2 directory specification, which may be one of the following forms: d: where 'd' is a disk letter (A-P) to indicate the current user area on that disk u: where 'u' is a user number (0-31) to indicate that user on the current disk; 'u' may be a '?', in which case all user areas are selected du: where 'du' specifies both disk and user name: where 'name' is the name of a directory (disk/user area) Examples of an ambiguous file reference are: A:FILE.TXT A4:FILE.TXT ROOT:FILE.TXT A?:*.COM 12:*.* A12:SYSLIB*.* Examples of XDIR3 commands are: XDIR ROOT:*.COM AAN -- Select All Files in directory ROOT which do NOT match *.COM XDIR B10: ASD -- Select the System Files in B10, and send output to disk as well as console XDIR /AADP -- Select All Files in current directory, and send output to disk and printer as well as console 2.3 XDIR3 Output Control Options These options are: D - Send Output to Disk G - Toggle Grouping (group files by name and type or type and name) H - Toggle Horizontal or Vertical display format P - Send Output to Printer Ä anä Ð arå fairlù obvious®  Iæ Ð ió specified¬  thå outpuô goeó tï youò printeò (CP/Í LSTº  device© aó welì aó youò console® Iæ  Ä ió specified¬  thå outpuô goeó tï youò currenô directorù aó thå filå XDIR.DIR® Iæ XDIR.DIÒ alreadù exists¬ iô ió replaced. Ç anä È arå toggleä options® If¬ viá GENINÓ aô installatioî time¬  yoõ selecteä alphabetizatioî bù filå namå anä type¬  thå Ç optioî  wilì flið thió tï alphabetizå bù filå typå anä name¬  anä vice-versa® Thå samå witè thå È option. Ç  allowó yoõ tï selecô youò displaù tï bå  alphabetizeä  bù filå  namå anä typå oò typå anä name®  Iæ bù filå namå anä type¬ theî AA.TXÔ comeó beforå BB.COM®  Iæ bù filå typå anä name¬ theî BB.COÍ  comeó beforå AA.TXT®  Alphabetizatioî bù filå  namå  anä typå groupó fileó oæ thå samå namå togetheò (FÎ fields¬  likå alì XDIR3.ª  files)¬  whilå bù filå typå anä namå groupó fileó oæ thå samå typå togetheò (FÔ fields¬ likå alì *.TXÔ files). È allowó yoõ tï selecô youò alphabetizeä fileó tï bå  listeä dowî  thå  screeî (vertical© oò acrosó thå  screeî  (horizontal)® Thå screeî ió divideä intï threå columns¬  anä á verticaì listinç alphabetizeó dowî thå firsô column¬ theî thå second¬ anä theî thå third¬ whilå á horizontaì listinç alphabetizeó first¬ second¬ anä third columns on the first line, and so on with each line. É  likå tï grouð mù listingó bù filå typå  first¬  anä  theî name¬  anä  É alsï prefeò thå verticaì displaù format®  Herå  ió sucè á listing: XDIR III, Version 1.5 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: B User: 7, File Attributes: Non-System Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- SYSLIB .ART 108 STD .MSG 4 Z2INS .WS 52 XDIR3 .BAK 24 TALK .SUM 12 Z2CON .WSH 8 DU2 .HLP 36 S100 .TXT 4 Z2INS .WSH 8 XDIR3 .HLP 24 Z2CON .WS 112 11 Files Occupying 392K, 67 Files on Disk and 4020K Free Note that we are alphabetized down the columns by file type. Some prefer to alphabetize by file name: XDIR III, Version 1.5 Vertical Listing by File Name and Type Disk: B User: 7, File Attributes: Non-System Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- DU2 .HLP 36 TALK .SUM 12 Z2CON .WS 112 S100 .TXT 4 XDIR1 .DIR 4 Z2CON .WSH 8 STD .MSG 4 XDIR3 .BAK 24 Z2INS .WS 52 SYSLIB .ART 108 XDIR3 .HLP 24 Z2INS .WSH 8 12 Files Occupying 396K, 68 Files on Disk and 4016K Free Again¬  wå arå alphabetizeä dowî thå columns¬  buô thå ordeò ió  bù filå namå anä theî filå type®  Refeò bacë tï thå previouó screen display to compare. Finally¬  somå  prefeò  horizontaì aó  opposeä  tï  verticaì listings®  Herå  ió  anotheò  listinç whicè  ió  horizontaì  anä grouped by file name first. XDIR III, Version 1.5 Horizontal Listing by File Name and Type Disk: B User: 7, File Attributes: Non-System Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- DU2 .HLP 36 S100 .TXT 4 STD .MSG 4 SYSLIB .ART 108 TALK .SUM 12 XDIR1 .DIR 4 XDIR2 .DIR 4 XDIR3 .BAK 24 XDIR3 .HLP 24 Z2CON .WS 112 Z2CON .WSH 8 Z2INS .WS 52 Z2INS .WSH 8 13 Files Occupying 400K, 69 Files on Disk and 4012K Free 2.4 XDIR3 File Selection Options Thå  followinç  optionó (anä thå DIRº  field©  controì  filå selection: Aa - Set the attributes of the files to be displayed a=S for System Files, a=N for Non-System Files a=A for All Files (Non-System and System) N - Negate Selection; select those files which do NOT match the ambiguous file name Thå Î optioî negateó youò ambiguouó filå namå reference¬ buô iô  stayó  iî thå SAMÅ seô oæ systeí oò  non-systeí  files®  Foò instance¬  XDIÒ  *.COÍ /NAÓ selectó alì SYSTEÍ fileó whicè dï NOÔ matcè *.COM® Iæ yoõ havå installeä XDIR³ tï automaticallù selecô botè SYSTEÍ anä NON-SYSTEÍ files¬  theî XDIÒ *.COÍ /Î wilì selecô all non-COM files in your current directory. Š Thå  Á  optioî  setó  thå attributeó  oæ  thå  fileó  tï  bå displayed®  Iæ AÁ ió presented¬  theî botè Non-Systeí anä Systeí fileó wilì bå displayed®  Iæ AS¬  theî jusô Systeí files¬ anä iæ AN¬ theî jusô Non-System® Yoõ  caî  seô  thå  defaulô filå  attributå  displaù  tï  bå whateveò   yoõ  desire®   Usinç  GENINS¬   yoõ  caî  havå  XDIR³ automaticallù selecô jusô thå Systeí files¬  jusô thå  Non-Systeí files¬  oò  botè Non-Systeí anä Systeí fileó wheneveò yoõ ruî  iô withouô usinç thå Á option. B7>xdir root:*.com aan XDIR III, Version 1.5 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: A User: 15, File Attributes: Non-System System Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- VITALS .BAD 4 R TEXT .CFG 4 R NAMES .DIR 4 ASM .CFG 4 R CPZM .CPM 12 R BAD .DOC 8 R C .CFG 4 R CPZMH .CPM 12 R NOTESHD .DOC 16 R PASCAL .CFG 4 R FNAMES .DIR 4 SYSIO .IO 4 RS STD .CFG 4 R LD .DIR 4 NEWDISK .ZEX 4 R 15 Files Occupying 92K, 266 Files on Disk and 1568K Free Thió selectó alì non-COÍ fileó iî thå directorù ROOT®  Botè Systeí anä Non-Systeí fileó arå selected®  Notå thaô SYSIO.IÏ ió thå  onlù  Systeí filå whicè waó selected¬  anä iô happenó tï  bå Read/Only as well. B7>xdir root:*.com asn XDIR III, Version 1.5 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: A User: 15, File Attributes: System Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- SYSIO .IO 4 RS 1 Files Occupying 4K, 266 Files on Disk and 1568K Free Thió selectó thå non-COÍ Systeí fileó iî thå directorù ROOT® As expected, SYSIO.IO is the only file given. B7>xdir root:*.com n XDIR III, Version 1.5 Vertical Listing by File Type and Name Disk: A User: 15, File Attributes: Non-System Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS Filename.Typ Size K RS -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- -------- --- ------ -- VITALS .BAD 4 R TEXT .CFG 4 R NAMES .DIR 4 ASM .CFG 4 R CPZM .CPM 12 R BAD .DOC 8 R C .CFG 4 R CPZMH .CPM 12 R NOTESHD .DOC 16 R PASCAL .CFG 4 R FNAMES .DIR 4 NEWDISK .ZEX 4 R STD .CFG 4 R LD .DIR 4 14 Files Occupying 88K, 266 Files on Disk and 1568K Free Thió  selectó thå non-COÍ fileó iî thå directorù ROOÔ  whicè are Non-System. Non-System is my selected default for XDIR3. 2.5 XDIR3 File Name Buffer Facility Thå  optionó oæ XDIR³ whicè deaì witè thå Filå  Namå  Buffeò Facility are: Ff - Engage File Name Buffer Facility f=L to Log File Names to Disk f=P to Print Names Logged to Disk f=S to Scan Disk for File Names and Compare to Log I - Inspect files selected by FL option Thå  filå selectioî optionó comå intï plaù aó welì witè  thå FÌ  optioî  tï selecô thå fileó tï bå placeä intï thå  loç  file¬ FNAMES.DIR. Thå  FÌ optioî writeó thå useò numberó anä filå nameó oæ thå selecteä  fileó  tï  disë intï thå  filå  nameä  FNAMES.DIR®  Iæ FNAMES.DIÒ alreadù exists¬  theî iô ió rewritten® Thå FNAMES.DIÒ files is used by the FP and FS options. Thå  É  optioî  (foò inspect© allowó thå  useò  tï  manuallù approve each file before its name is placed into FNAMES.DIR. Thå  FÐ optioî simplù printó ouô thå useò numberó anä  nameó oæ alì thå fileó storeä iî FNAMES.DIR®  Iæ FNAMES.DIÒ ió noô  iî thå currenô directory¬  FÐ wilì searcè alonç thå ZCPR² patè untiì it finds it or reaches the end of the path. Thå FÓ optioî scanó FNAMES.DIÒ anä thå fileó selecteä bù thå useò  (oò implieä iæ nï specifiã filå selectioî optioî ió  given© anä compareó them® Iæ á filå existó iî FNAMES.DIÒ buô noô iî thå selecteä files¬ itó namå ió printeä aó á missinç file® Iæ á filå existó  oî disë buô noô iî thå FNAMES.DIÒ file¬  theî itó namå ió printed as an additional file. Notå  thaô thå useò shoulä keeð iî minä whaô hå ió  scanninç foò wheî hå useó thå Filå Namå Buffeò Facility® Foò instance¬ iæ hå  selectó botè Non-systeí anä Systeí fileó witè thå  FÌ  optioî anä theî defaultó tï Non-Systeí witè thå FÓ option¬  theî severaì files will come up missing while this is not necessarily true. Usinç GENINS¬  thå Installatioî Prograí foò ZCPR2¬  yoõ  caî creatå  twï  differenô  versionó oæ XDIR³  -- onå  foò  Directorù Displaù   operationó  anä  onå  foò  Filå  Namå  Buffeò  Facilitù functions® Iæ yoõ dï this¬ theî yoõ coulä alsï seô thå Directorù Displaù versioî tï worë witè Non-Systeí fileó bù  default¬  whilå yoõ  coulä seô thå Filå Namå Buffeò Facilitù versioî tï worë witè botè Non-Systeí anä Systeí files. Thå followinç ió á samplå terminaì sessioî whicè illustrateó thå  uså oæ thå XDIR³ Filå Namå Buffeò  Facility®  Commentó  arå placeä ouô tï thå sidå oæ thå commandó anä arå denoteä bù "<--". B7>xdir /fli <-- Log Files to Disk and Inspect XDIR III, Version 1.5 Inspection of Files for Logging to Disk Log 7 DU2 .HLP to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Log 7 S100 .TXT to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? N Log 7 STD .MSG to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? N Log 7 SYSLIB .ART to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? N Log 7 TALK .SUM to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? N Log 7 TEMP .TXT to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Log 7 XDIR3 .HLP to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Log 7 Z2CON .WS to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Log 7 Z2CON .WSH to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Log 7 Z2INS .WS to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Log 7 Z2INS .WSH to Disk (Y/N/=Y)? Y Logging File Names to Disk -- 7 File Names to be Logged to Disk Horizontal Listing by File Name and Type U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- 7 DU2 .HLP 7 TEMP .TXT 7 XDIR3 .HLP 7 Z2CON .WS 7 Z2CON .WSH 7 Z2INS .WS 7 Z2INS .WSH B7>xdir /fp <-- Print out the names of the logged files XDIR III, Version 1.5 Printout of Recrded File Names -- 7 File Names Recorded Horizontal Listing by File Name and Type U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- 7 DU2 .HLP 7 TEMP .TXT 7 XDIR3 .HLP 7 Z2CON .WS 7 Z2CON .WSH 7 Z2INS .WS 7 Z2INS .WSH B7>era temp.txt <-- Erase one of the logged files TEMP .TXT <-- for this demo B7>xdir /fs <-- Scan the disk XDIR III, Version 1.5 File Name Scanner Files Named in FNAMES.DIR missing from Disk -- Horizontal Listing by Fie Name and Type U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- 7 TEMP .TXT Additional Files on Disk NOT in FNAMES.DIR -- Horizontal Listing by File Name and Type U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ U Filename.Typ - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- - -------- --- 7 FNAMES .DIR 7 S100 .TXT 7 STD .MSG 7 SYSLIB .ART 7 TALK .SUM File Scan Complete 2.6 Use of XDIR3 on Secure Systems Oî Securå Systems¬ sucè aó Remotå CP/Í Systems¬ XDIR³ maù bå configured¬  viá GENINS¬  tï providå á securå directorù  utility® Somå ideaó alonç thió linå include: . You can install XDIR3 so that it cannot look at any directory other than the one it is in . You can install XDIR3 so that you can look at the current user area on any disk, but not in other user areas . You can install XDIR3 so that you can look at all user areas on the current disk, but not on any other disk . You can install XDIR3 so that you cannot look at any System files . You can install XDIR3 so that none of the F options are available ® Yoõ caî instalì XDIR³ sï thaô useró maù lisô thå files (FP) or scan the disk (FS), but not log files to disk (FL) Theså arå jusô somå oæ thå wayó É havå designeä XDIR³ tï  bå flexiblå iî theså typeó oæ environments®  Iî á morå conventionaì environment¬  sucè  aó  á softwarå developmenô  environment¬  yoõ woulä  probablù  wanô  XDIR³  tï  givå  yoõ  completå  accesó  tï everything. Seå  thå  nexô sectioî oî installatioî foò morå  detailó  oî setting XDIR3 capabilities and defaults. 2.7 Installation of XDIR3 GENINÓ  ió thå installatioî prograí whicè comeó  alonç  witè ZCPR²  anä  allowó thå useò tï definå thå basiã capabilitieó  anä defaulô  functionó  executeä  bù á particulaò  copù  oæ  á  ZCPR² utility®  GENINÓ ió awarå oæ thå specifiã requirementó oæ alì oæ thå  keù ZCPR² utilities¬  includinç XDIR3¬  anä adaptó foò  eacè utility'ó specifiã needs. Wheî  GENINÓ ió executed¬  iô askó thå useò foò thå namå  oæ thå filå tï bå installed®  Thå useò maù specifù thió filå iî thå normaì ZCPR² format: dir:filename.typ GENINÓ  wilì  reaä  thå  firsô blocë  oæ  thió  file¬  whicè containó thå customizatioî information¬  anä theî allo÷ yoõ tï dï onå oæ threå thingó (itó basiã commanä prompt): . Display the Current Features . Set the Features of the program to the user's liking . Exit and optionally create a new COM file Thå  featureó  whicè maù bå seô bù thå systeí manageò  undeò GENINS for XDIR3 are: . Whether the user may specify a directory (disk/user) . If directory specification is allowed, whether the user may specify just disk or just user (but not necessarily both) . Whether the user may employ any of the F options . If the F options may be used, if the user may employ the FL option specificially . Whether the user may employ the AS option . Whether XDIR3 will perform a Directory Display of File Name Buffer Facility function by default . Whether XDIR3 will display Non-System or System files (or both) by default . Whether the alphabetization will be by file name and type or type and name by default . Whether the listing will be vertical or horizontal by default ® Whetheò ZCPR² Externaì Pathó arå available¬ and¬ iæ so, what the base path address is Š Iæ  thå useò ió noô runninç ZCPR2¬  hå shoulä disablå alì oæ the ZCPR2 features. This Page Intentionally Left Blank For the Sake of My Sanity Figuring This One Out is Left as an Exercise for the Reader .fo Section 3 - Disk Utility Page # 3.0 Disk Utility 3.1 Invoking DU2 and DU2 Installation DU2 is invoked by a command line of the following form: DU2 wherå Get Saved Block B Get Block from Queue G Get Current Group Gn Get Group N # Print Disk Stats ? Print Help Info +n Advance to Next Sector -n Back up to Last Sec ! Halt and Wait for User /nn Repeat Command Line n Exec Macro (0<=n<=9) :n Define Macro n :Pn Print Macro n :PA Print All Macros :P@ Print Prev Command An-n ASCII Dump Hn-n Hex Dump Dn-n ASCII and Hex Dump CAn vals or CAn1-n2 val Change ASCII Values CHn vals or CHn1-n2 val Change Hex Values Ffile Find File Uu Set User u for F Tn Position to Track n (dec) Sn Position to Sec n Gn Position to Group n (hex) G Show position Ld Log in Disk N New Disk M Map Disk Mn Show file in Group n P Toggle Printer Q Print Queue Statistics QZ Zero (Empty) Queue QSfile Save Queue as File R Read Current Block W Write Current Block Vn View n blocks Zn Sleep n Seconds X Exit to CP/M; opt Warm Boot ^C Exit to CP/M Á  commanä linå maù consisô oæ onlù onå commanä oò á  serieó oæ  commandó  separateä  bù commas®  Iî  thå  latteò  form¬  thå commandó arå executeä sequentially®  Thå onlù exceptionó tï thió rulå  arå thå :ntexô commanä (whicè storeó thå commanä linå  awaù aó á macro© anä thå *nî commanä (whicè repeató thå commanä line). 3.3 Commands for Logging and Viewing Disk Parameters Thå  followinç commandó arå discusseä iî thió sectioî oæ thå HELP file: F -- Find File L -- Log in Disk N -- New Disk (Reset Disk System) M -- Map Disk Directory U -- Select User Number # -- Print Disk and Queue Statistics Ffilename.typ Prinô  directorù  foò  filå  "filename.typ"®  Thió  commanä presentó  thå  directorù  entrù  foò  thå  firsô  extenô  oæ  thå indicateä  file®  Seå  thå  sectioî  oî  "Interpretinç  thå  DU² Directorù  Display¢ foò infï oî ho÷ tï interpreô thå  informatioî presented. Example (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? fz80.mac 40 015A3830 20202020 204D4143 0000000E *.Z80 MAC....* 50 9A000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B1? ftest.txt ++ File Not Found ++ Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 L[d] Thå simplå "L¢ commanä re-logó iî thå currenô disk®  Yoõ maù pulì ouô á disk¬  puô iî á new¬  anä "L¢ jusô tï loç iô in®  Thå forí "Ld"¬  wherå ä ió á valiä drivå letteò (likå "LB")¬  ió useä tï  loç  iî  á  specifiã disë anä permiô  yoõ  tï  worë  oî  thaô particulaò disë froí thió timå foreword. Example (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? l DU2 B1? la DU2 A1? lb N Thió  telló DU² thaô yoõ jusô puô iî á ne÷ disk®  Foò  thoså BIOÓ  implementationó thaô neeä tï bå tolä  specificallù  (Reset© thaô á disë changå haó beeî made¬ uså thió commanä everù timå yoõ changå á disë whilå DU² ió running. Example: DU2 B1? n Noteº  Therå  waó  á  significanô delaù beforå  thå  prompô returned. A complete disk system reset took place. M[n] Dumpó  á  mað oæ thå grouð allocationó foò files®  Mî  showó whicè filå ió allocateä tï grouð "n". Example (actual DU2 session, edited): DU2 B1? m 0010-0010 07 STD .MSG 00 : 0011-0011 07 TALK .SUM 00 0012-0012 07 Z2CON .WSH 00 : 0013-0013 00 LDIR .C 00 0014-0014 00 COMMAND .LBR 01 : 0015-0015 00 LDIR .C 00 < Detail Left Out > 004B-004B 08 MASTER .CAT 03 : 004C-0050 00 COMMAND .LBR 05 0051-0051 00 COMMAND .LBR 07 : 0052-0052 00 UNERA15 .COM 00 0053-0053 08 MENU .CPR 00 : 0054-0057 00 COMMAND .LBR 07 Type Any Character to Continue or ^C to Abort - DU2 B1? m54 0054-0057 00 COMMAND .LBR 07 : Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 The entries are divided up as follows: 0010-0010 07 STD .MSG 00 : 0011-0011 07 TALK .SUM 00 ^ ^ ^ ^ | | Filename Extent | User Number Group Range Uu Logó useò 'u§ foò nexô Æ (Finä File© command. Example (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? u7 DU2 B7? u1 # Prints the disk parameters: . Current Disk Drive . Number of Tracks on Disk . Size of Group in Blocks . Number of Sectors Per Track . Number of Groups on Disk . Number of Directory Entries . Number of System Tracks Prints the queue statistics: . Size of Queue . Space Available Example (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? # +=============================+ | -- Queue Information -- | +-----------------------------+ 0 Blocks in Queue 249 Blocks Left in Queue Address of Head of Queue: 3E00 Hex Address of Tail of Queue: 3E00 Hex +=============================+ | -- Disk Information -- | +-----------------------------+ Disk Drive: B Tracks: 244 Sectors/Track: 336 Group Size: 32 Blocks/Group Total Groups: 1280 Directory Entries: 512 System Tracks: 122 =============================== 3.4 Commands for Positioning and Reading Data Thå followinç commandó arå discusseä iî thió sectioî oæ  thå HELP file: G -- Position to Group S -- Position to Sector T -- Position to Track R -- Read Block W -- Write Block + -- Advance to Next Logical Sector - -- Backup to Last Logical Sector G[nn] Positioî tï grouð nî anä reaä block®  Iæ thå forí ió simplù "G", show your current position. Example (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B1? g4 Group = 0004:00, Track = 122, Sector = 129, Physical Sector = 129 DU2 B1? g Group = 0004:00, Track = 122, Sector = 129, Physical Sector = 129 DU2 B1? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 Tnn and Snn "Tnn¢  doeó  á seeë tï tracë nî buô doeó noô reaä  á  block® "Snn¢  positionó tï sectoò nî oî thå currenô tracë anä readó  thå blocë there. Example (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? t124 Group = 0015:00, Track = 124, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B1? s24 Group = 0015:17, Track = 124, Sector = 24, Physical Sector = 24 R and W Ò readó thå blocë currentlù positioneä tï intï memory®  Notå Ò (Read© ió impliciô iî thå G¬  +¬ anä - commands¬ buô NOÔ iî thå Ó anä Ô commands. × writeó bacë thå currenô blocë (NOTEº maù noô bå useä afteò aî  Æ  command¬  aó  CP/Í  waó  useä tï  finä  thå  filå  iî  thå directory). Examples: DU2 B1? r DU2 B1? w +[nn] and -[nn] "+¢  advanceó ± sectoò (iæ belo÷ tracë 2¬  thió advanceó  tï nexô  numericaì  sectoò anä iæ ² oò more¬  advanceó baseä oî  thå system'ó sectoò skewinç algorithm¬  i.e®  sï « wilì geô thå  nexô logicaì sectoò oæ thå file)® "-¢ backupó uð ± sectoò iî thå samå sense. Notå « anä - maù takå aî amountº  foò example¬  +1µ stepó iî 1µ sectors® Notå alsï thaô "-¢ issueä aô thå firsô logicaì sectoò oæ  thå  disë wilì wrað bacë tï thå lasô anä "+¢ issueä  aô  lasô sectoò wilì wrað forwarä tï thå first. Examples (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B1? d 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 20 004C4449 52202020 20432020 00000038 *.LDIR C ...8* 30 13001500 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 40 0843504D 55472020 20434154 01000046 *.CPMUG CAT...F* 50 1C001E00 38003D00 41004300 45000000 *....8.=.A.C.E...* 60 00434F4D 4D414E44 204C4252 01000080 *.COMMAND LBR....* 70 14001600 17001800 19001A00 1B001D00 *................* DU2 B1? +d Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* 10 11002300 24000000 00000000 00000000 *..#.$...........* 20 00554E45 52413135 2041534D 00000060 *.UNERA15 ASM...`* 30 3E003F00 40000000 00000000 00000000 *>.?.@...........* 40 075A3249 4E532020 20575348 0000002A *.Z2INS WSH...** 50 21002500 00000000 00000000 00000000 *!.%.............* 60 075A3243 4F4E2020 20575348 0000003F *.Z2CON WSH...?* 70 12002200 00000000 00000000 00000000 *..".............* DU2 B1? +d Group = 0000:02, Track = 122, Sector = 3, Physical Sector = 3 00 07445532 20202020 2042414B 00000057 *.DU2 BAK...W* 10 26002800 29000000 00000000 00000000 *&.(.)...........* 20 04535441 52545550 20C3CF4D 0000001E *.STARTUP COM....* 30 27000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *'...............* 40 00434F4D 4D414E44 204C4252 03000080 *.COMMAND LBR....* 50 1F002000 30003100 32003300 34003500 *.. .0.1.2.3.4.5.* 60 00434F4D 4D414E44 204C4252 05000080 *.COMMAND LBR....* 70 36003700 39004C00 4D004E00 4F005000 *6.7.9.L.M.N.O.P.* DU2 B1? +2 Group = 0000:04, Track = 122, Sector = 5, Physical Sector = 5 DU2 B1? d 00 084D4153 54455220 20434154 01000080 *.MASTER CAT....* 10 2D002F00 3A003B00 3C004200 44004600 *-./.:.;.<.B.D.F.* 20 00464958 54455820 2041534D 0100001E *.FIXTEX ASM....* 30 65006600 69006B00 6C000000 00000000 *e.f.i.k.l.......* 40 00554E45 52413135 20434F4D 00000007 *.UNERA15 COM....* 50 52000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *R...............* 60 084D454E 55202020 20C35052 00000008 *.MENU CPR....* 70 53000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *S...............* DU2 B1? -3d Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* 10 11002300 24000000 00000000 00000000 *..#.$...........* 20 00554E45 52413135 2041534D 00000060 *.UNERA15 ASM...`* 30 3E003F00 40000000 00000000 00000000 *>.?.@...........* 40 075A3249 4E532020 20575348 0000002A *.Z2INS WSH...** 50 21002500 00000000 00000000 00000000 *!.%.............* 60 075A3243 4F4E2020 20575348 0000003F *.Z2CON WSH...?* 70 12002200 00000000 00000000 00000000 *..".............* 3.5 Commands for Searching for Data =string Thió commanä performó á searcè foò thå indicateä ASCIÉ text¬ startinç  aô currenô sector®  ®  Biô · ió ignoreä unlesó .?.@.A.B.C.D.* 20 075A3243 4F4E2020 20575320 06000077 *.Z2CON WS ...w* 30 45014601 47014801 00000000 00000000 *E.F.G.H.........* 40 E5444953 4B4F5554 20434F4E 00000020 *eDISKOUT CON... * 50 97000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 60 07445532 20202020 20484C50 01000006 *.DU2 HLP....* 70 98009900 9B009C00 9D000000 00000000 *................* DU2 B1? +=DU2,d Group = 0000:11, Track = 122, Sector = 18, Physical Sector = 18 = at 24 Group = 0000:11, Track = 122, Sector = 18, Physical Sector = 18 00 E547454E 494E5320 204D4143 01000080 *eGENINS MAC....* 10 D700EF00 F000F400 F500F600 F700F800 *W.o.p.t.u.v.w.x.* 20 E5445532 20202020 2041534D 01000080 *eDU2 ASM....* 30 EC00ED00 EE00FA00 07010B01 0E011301 *l.m.n.z.........* 40 04445532 20202020 20C3CF4D 0000004E *.DU2 COM...N* 50 F100F200 F3000000 00000000 00000000 *q.r.s...........* 60 E547454E 494E5320 204D4143 02000039 *eGENINS MAC...9* 70 F9000F01 00000000 00000000 00000000 *y...............* 3.6 Commands for Saving and Restoring Data Thå  followinç commandó arå discusseä iî thió sectioî oæ thå HELP file: < -- Save Current Block > -- Restore Saved Block B -- Load Current Block from Head of Queue G -- Copy Group from Head of Queue and Write Q -- Print Queue Statistics QZ -- Zero (Clear) Queue QS -- Save Queue as a File < and > "<¢  saveó  currenô blocë iî aî internaì savå  buffer®  ">¢ copieó thå internaì savå buffeò intï thå currenô blocë areá  (buô doeó NOÔ writå iô ouô tï disk). B "B¢ extractó thå blocë aô thå heaä oæ thå DU² Queuå anä placeó iô intï thå workinç buffeò area. G[nn] "G¢ copieó  thå grouð aô thå heaä oæ thå DU² Queuå ontï disk® Iæ nî ió specifieä (aó iî "Gnn")¬  theî thå indicateä grouð ió reaä  froí oò  writteî  to®  Iæ  nî ió noô given¬  theî thå grouð  yoõ  arå currentlù positioneä tï ió affected. Q, QZ, and QSfile Ñ  reportó  thå statuó oæ thå DU²  Queue¬  namelù  ho÷  manù blockó  arå storeä iî iô anä ho÷ mucè spacå remains®  QÚ  zeroeó (clears© thå DU² Queue®  "QSfilename.typ¢ saveó thå DU² Queuå oî disk in the current user area as the indicated file. Examples (actual DU2 session): DU2 B1? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B1? d 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 20 004C4449 52202020 20432020 00000038 *.LDIR C ...8* 30 13001500 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 40 0843504D 55472020 20434154 01000046 *.CPMUG CAT...F* 50 1C001E00 38003D00 41004300 45000000 *....8.=.A.C.E...* 60 00434F4D 4D414E44 204C4252 01000080 *.COMMAND LBR....* 70 14001600 17001800 19001A00 1B001D00 *................* DU2 B1? < DU2 B1? ch0-7f e5 DU2 B1? d 00 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 10 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 20 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 30 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 40 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 50 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 60 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* 70 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 E5E5E5E5 *eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee* DU2 B1? >,d 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 20 004C4449 52202020 20432020 00000038 *.LDIR C ...8* 30 13001500 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 40 0843504D 55472020 20434154 01000046 *.CPMUG CAT...F* 50 1C001E00 38003D00 41004300 45000000 *....8.=.A.C.E...* 60 00434F4D 4D414E44 204C4252 01000080 *.COMMAND LBR....* 70 14001600 17001800 19001A00 1B001D00 *................* DU2 B1? q ** Queue Status Summary ** 0 Blocks in Queue 249 Blocks Left in Queue Address of Head of Queue: 3E00 Hex Address of Tail of Queue: 3E00 Hex DU2 B1? <1a> Use W to write changes to disk. Ranges may be specified: CHaddr-addr byte or CAaddr-addr byte Changes a range of bytes to the same value Examples (actual DU2 session): DU2 B7? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B7? d 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 20 004C4449 52202020 20432020 00000038 *.LDIR C ...8* 30 13001500 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 40 0843504D 55472020 20434154 01000046 *.CPMUG CAT...F* 50 1C001E00 38003D00 41004300 45000000 *....8.=.A.C.E...* 60 00434F4D 4D414E44 204C4252 01000080 *.COMMAND LBR....* 70 14001600 17001800 19001A00 1B001D00 *................* DU2 B7? d0-#f 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* DU2 B7? h0-#f 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 DU2 B7? a0-#f 00 *.STD MSG....* DU2 B7? fdu2.hlp 20 07445532 20202020 20484C50 01000039 *.DU2 HLP...9* 30 28009800 99009B00 9C009D00 00000000 *(...............* Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 ŠDU2 B7? g28 Group = 0028:00, Track = 125, Sector = 273, Physical Sector = 273 DU2 B7? d 00 496E766F 6B696E67 20445532 20616E64 *Invoking DU2 and* 10 20445532 20496E73 74616C6C 6174696F * DU2 Installatio* 20 6E0D0A44 55322043 6F6D6D61 6E642053 *n..DU2 Command S* 30 756D6D61 72790D0A 436F6D6D 616E6473 *ummary..Commands* 40 20666F72 204C6F67 67696E67 20446973 * for Logging Dis* 50 6B732061 6E642045 78616D69 6E696E67 *ks and Examining* 60 20446973 6B205061 72616D65 74657273 * Disk Parameters* 70 0D0A436F 6D6D616E 64732066 6F722050 *..Commands for P* DU2 B7? v Invoking DU2 and DU2 Installation DU2 Command Summary Commands for Logging Disks and Examining Disk Parameters Commands for P Group = 0028:00, Track = 125, Sector = 273, Physical Sector = 273 DU2 B7? v3 Invoking DU2 and DU2 Installation DU2 Command Summary Commands for Logging Disks and Examining Disk Parameters Commands for Positioning and Reading Data Commands for Searching for Data Commands for Saving and Restoring Data Commands for Viewing data Commands for Altering Data Commands for Manipulating Macros and the @ Command Miscellanea Examples of command use Interpret Group = 0028:02, Track = 125, Sector = 275, Physical Sector = 275 DU2 B7? g28 Group = 0028:00, Track = 125, Sector = 273, Physical Sector = 273 DU2 B7? d 00 496E766F 6B696E67 20445532 20616E64 *Invoking DU2 and* 10 20445532 20496E73 74616C6C 6174696F * DU2 Installatio* 20 6E0D0A44 55322043 6F6D6D61 6E642053 *n..DU2 Command S* 30 756D6D61 72790D0A 436F6D6D 616E6473 *ummary..Commands* 40 20666F72 204C6F67 67696E67 20446973 * for Logging Dis* 50 6B732061 6E642045 78616D69 6E696E67 *ks and Examining* 60 20446973 6B205061 72616D65 74657273 * Disk Parameters* 70 0D0A436F 6D6D616E 64732066 6F722050 *..Commands for P* DU2 B7? ch0-10 0 DU2 B7? d 00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 10 00445532 20496E73 74616C6C 6174696F *.DU2 Installatio* 20 6E0D0A44 55322043 6F6D6D61 6E642053 *n..DU2 Command S* 30 756D6D61 72790D0A 436F6D6D 616E6473 *ummary..Commands* 40 20666F72 204C6F67 67696E67 20446973 * for Logging Dis* 50 6B732061 6E642045 78616D69 6E696E67 *ks and Examining* 60 20446973 6B205061 72616D65 74657273 * Disk Parameters* 70 0D0A436F 6D6D616E 64732066 6F722050 *..Commands for P* DU2 B7? ca11 This is a test DU2 B7? d0-#1f 00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* 10 00546869 73206973 20612074 6573746F *.This is a testo* 3.9 Commands for Manipulating Macros and the @ Command Macros Á  Macrï  ió  á short-hanä yoõ caî uså tï definå  á  commanä sequence®  Ratheò  thaî havinç tï typå aî involveä commanä  oveò anä oveò again¬  thå DU² macrï facilitù allowó yoõ tï assigî thió commanä  sequencå  tï á numbeò (° tï 9© anä theî  executå  iô  bù simplù  presentinç  thió  numbeò aó  á  command®  Thå  followinç commands are associated with this facility. :ntext and n ":n¢ defineó thå texô followinç thå digiô 'n§ tï bå  á Macro®  Aó  always¬  ° <½ î <½ 9®  Thå macrï definitionó maù bå createä  anä  redefineä aô will®  Iæ á macrï  haó  alreadù  beeî defineä  foò thå indicateä number¬  iô wilì bå overwritteî bù thå executioî oæ thió command®  "n"¬ wherå ° <½ î <½ 9¬ executeó thå indicateä macro. :Pn and :PA ":Pn"¬ wherå ° <½ î <½ 9¬ printó thå texô oæ Macrï Numbeò n® ":PA¢ printó thå texô oæ alì 1° macros. @ and :P@ "@¢ executeó thå previouó commanä linå thaô diä noô  contaiî thå  "@¢ Command®  Thió provideó aî easù waù tï repeaô thå  lasô commanä linå typed® Foò example: g0 <-- go to Group 0 ch0-7f e5,< <-- Initialize the first block and Save >,w,+ <-- Read in the Saved Block, Write it out to disk, and advance to next logical block @ <-- Do the Previous Command Again @ <-- And Again @ <-- And Again ":P@¢  printó thå previouó commanä linå (anä doeó noô changå it). Examples (edited DU2 session): DU2 B7? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B7? :1+,d0-#1f DU2 B7? :p1 Macro Definitions -- 1: +,d0-#1f DU2 B7? 1 Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* 10 11002300 24000000 00000000 00000000 *..#.$...........* DU2 B7? 1 Group = 0000:02, Track = 122, Sector = 3, Physical Sector = 3 00 07444953 4B4F5554 20434F4E 00000000 *.DISKOUT CON....* 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* DU2 B7? 1 Group = 0000:03, Track = 122, Sector = 4, Physical Sector = 4 00 04584449 52202020 20C3CF4D 00000054 *.XDIR COM...T* 10 2C002E00 48000000 00000000 00000000 *,...H...........* DU2 B7? g0,d0-#1f Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* DU2 B7? 1 Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* 10 11002300 24000000 00000000 00000000 *..#.$...........* Š DU2 B7? :pa Macro Definitions -- 0: 1: +,d0-#1f 2: < Detail Left Out > 9: DU2 B7? g0,d0-#1f,1,1,1 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* 10 11002300 24000000 00000000 00000000 *..#.$...........* Group = 0000:02, Track = 122, Sector = 3, Physical Sector = 3 00 07444953 4B4F5554 20434F4E 00000000 *.DISKOUT CON....* 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* Group = 0000:03, Track = 122, Sector = 4, Physical Sector = 4 00 04584449 52202020 20C3CF4D 00000054 *.XDIR COM...T* 10 2C002E00 48000000 00000000 00000000 *,...H...........* DU2 B7? @ Command -- g0,d0-#1f,+,d0-#1f,+,d0-#1f,+,d0-#1f Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* 10 10000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* 10 11002300 24000000 00000000 00000000 *..#.$...........* Group = 0000:02, Track = 122, Sector = 3, Physical Sector = 3 00 07444953 4B4F5554 20434F4E 00000000 *.DISKOUT CON....* 10 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 *................* Group = 0000:03, Track = 122, Sector = 4, Physical Sector = 4 00 04584449 52202020 20C3CF4D 00000054 *.XDIR COM...T* 10 2C002E00 48000000 00000000 00000000 *,...H...........* 3.10 Miscellanea ? "?¢  giveó  á commanä summarù anä telló thå  useò  whaô  thå currenô  valueó arå foò Processoò Clocë Speeä anä Lineó peò  Pagå oî  CONº  aó  welì  aó thå addresó foò thå Grouð  Storagå  Buffeò (wherå thå DU² Queuå begins). *[nn] "*nn¢  repeató thå currenô commanä linå (aó entereä sï  far© nî  times®  Thió  commanä  defaultó tï "forever¢ iæ  nî  ió  noô specified® 'nn§ maù bå ² tï 65535. ! "!¢  haltó processinç oæ commands¬  displayó á  continuatioî messagå  tï  thå user¬  anä waitó foò thå useò tï typå  anù  key® Typinç  á Control-à abortó commanä processing®  Thió commanä  ió usefuì  iî  stoppinç loopó tï givå thå useò aó mucè  timå  aó  hå wantó tï revie÷ thå display. P "P¢ toggleó thå printeò switcè oî anä off® Iô allowó yoõ tï turî oî anä ofæ á recordinç oæ youò consolå output. X "X¢ exiô bacë tï CP/M®  Thå useò ió giveî thå optioî tï Warí Boot¬ iî whicè caså thå CCÐ anä BDOÓ arå reloaded¬ oò not. Z[nn] "Znn¢ causeó thå prograí tï sleep¬ oò pause¬ anä maù bå useä tï looë aô á dumð quicklù iî á loopinç commanä line® Ú ió ± sec® Znî ió nî secondó oî aî î MHú 8080®  Thå processoò speeä maù  bå specifieä bù thå useò undeò GENINÓ foò hió particulaò system. ^C "^C" exits to CP/M and Warm Boots. Examples (actual DU2 session): DU2 B7? g0 Group = 0000:00, Track = 122, Sector = 1, Physical Sector = 1 DU2 B7? d0-#f,+,!,* 00 07535444 20202020 204D5347 00000002 *.STD MSG....* Group = 0000:01, Track = 122, Sector = 2, Physical Sector = 2 Type Any Character to Continue or ^C to Abort - 00 0754414C 4B202020 2053554D 00000049 *.TALK SUM...I* Group = 0000:02, Track = 122, Sector = 3, Physical Sector = 3 Type Any Character to Continue or ^C to Abort - 00 07444953 4B4F5554 20434F4E 00000000 *.DISKOUT CON....* Group = 0000:03, Track = 122, Sector = 4, Physical Sector = 4 Type Any Character to Continue or ^C to Abort - 00 04584449 52202020 20C3CF4D 00000054 *.XDIR COM...T* Group = 0000:04, Track = 122, Sector = 5, Physical Sector = 5 Type Any Character to Continue or ^C to Abort - DU2 B7? g1 Group = 0001:00, Track = 122, Sector = 33, Physical Sector = 33 DU2 B7? d0-#f,+,*3 00 E5482020 20202020 2042414B 00000004 *eH BAK....* Group = 0001:01, Track = 122, Sector = 34, Physical Sector = 34 00 E5535542 32202020 2042414B 0100007B *eSUB2 BAK...{* Group = 0001:02, Track = 122, Sector = 35, Physical Sector = 35 00 E5434420 20202020 204D4143 00000047 *eCD MAC...G* Group = 0001:03, Track = 122, Sector = 36, Physical Sector = 36 DU2 B7? ^C B7> 3.11 Examples Multiple commands may be separated by "," Anù  valiä commanä strinç maù bå placeä aó aî operanä oæ thå originaì DU² command¬ i.e.: A>DU2 G0,D,G2,=OK<1A>,D Exampleº  thå  followinç  commandó  wilì eraså  thå  Â  disë directorù tï alì E5's: lb log in b drive g0 position to dir. ch0-7f e5 fill with e5 < save the sector >,w,+,/16 restore, write, next, repeat 16 This could be shortened to: lb,g0,ch0-7f e5,< >,w,+,/16 Using Macros, the following two macros could be defined: Macro 0 -- :0g0,ch0-7f e5,< Macro 1 -- :1>,w,+,/16 Now¬  foò  thå useò tï initializå thå directorù oî Drivå  Aº anä theî oî Drivå B:¬ thå followinç commandó coulä bå issued: la,0 <-- Log in A and Initialize first block 1 <-- Perform write lb,0 <-- Log in B and Initialize first block 1 <-- Perform write n,0 <-- Declare New Disk and Initialize first block 1 <-- Perform write 3.12 Interpretation of Directory Data Presented by DU2 Thå followinç explainó thå formaô oæ á CP/Í directorù  entrù aó  showî bù DU2¬  usinç eitheò thå Æ (Finä File©  command¬  oò jusô  doinç Ä (Dump© oæ thå directorù sectors¬  whicè arå locateä iî  groupó ° anä ± oî á singlå densitù disk®  Samplå  resulô  oæ "FSID.COM¢ command: First 40 00534944 20202020 20434F4D 0000003A *.SID COM...:* line || ||| | || || | | || ||^----hex file name-----^ || || ^file name^ || || || || in ASCII || || extent-^^ || || || || || || file size in sectors-^^ || || || ^^-00 = file active || E5 = file erased ^^-displacement of line in directory sector Second 50 33343536 3738393A 00000000 00000000 *3456789:........* line | | ^---allocation group numbers-------^ .fi z2ug1.ws .fi z2ug2.ws .fi z2ug3.ws